Table 3.
Distribution of socio-demographic, clinical, and care-related characteristics according to dead/alive status at 1 year mortality. Incident hemodialysis patients from RRDTL Lazio Region (Italy) 2008–2017.
| 1 YEAR DEATH | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dead | Alive | Total | p-Value * | ||||||
| n | %col | %row | n | %col | %row | n | |||
| Total | 1354 | 100 | 16.5 | 6861 | 100 | 83.5 | 8215 | ||
| Gender | 0.2205 | ||||||||
| Males | 855 | 63.2 | 16.1 | 4452 | 64.9 | 83.9 | 5307 | ||
| Females | 499 | 36.9 | 17.2 | 2409 | 35.1 | 82.8 | 2908 | ||
| Age (years) mean ± std | 1354 | 74.8 ± 10.9 | 6861 | 67.0 ± 14.5 | 8215 | ||||
| Age class | (years) | <0.001 | |||||||
| 19–49 | 45 | 3.3 | 4.6 | 939 | 13.7 | 95.4 | 984 | ||
| 50–64 | 172 | 12.7 | 9.8 | 1576 | 23 | 90.2 | 1748 | ||
| 65–74 | 327 | 24.2 | 15.1 | 1835 | 26.8 | 84.9 | 2162 | ||
| 75–84 | 583 | 43.1 | 22.4 | 2019 | 29.4 | 77.6 | 2602 | ||
| 85+ | 227 | 16.8 | 31.6 | 492 | 7.2 | 68.4 | 719 | ||
| Education qualification | <0.001 | ||||||||
| No qualifications/Elementary School/Middle School | 992 | 73.3 | 18.2 | 4446 | 64.8 | 81.8 | 5438 | ||
| High School/Degree and more | 362 | 26.7 | 13 | 2415 | 35.2 | 87 | 2777 | ||
| Body Mass Index | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Underweight (BMI < 18.0) | 118 | 8.7 | 26.8 | 323 | 4.7 | 73.2 | 441 | ||
| Normal weight (18.0 ≤ BMI < 25.0) | 743 | 54.9 | 17.7 | 3449 | 50.3 | 82.3 | 4192 | ||
| Overweight (25.0 ≤ BMI < 30.0) | 357 | 26.4 | 14.7 | 2079 | 30.3 | 85.3 | 2436 | ||
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30.0) | 136 | 10 | 11.9 | 1010 | 14.7 | 88.1 | 1146 | ||
| Self-sufficient | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Complete | 247 | 18.2 | 6.6 | 3510 | 51.2 | 93.4 | 3757 | ||
| Little self-sufficient | 397 | 29.3 | 16.2 | 2049 | 29.9 | 83.8 | 2446 | ||
| Not self-sufficient | 710 | 52.4 | 35.3 | 1302 | 19 | 64.7 | 2012 | ||
| Cause of ESRD | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Unknown | 388 | 28.7 | 18.9 | 1668 | 24.3 | 81.1 | 2056 | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 318 | 23.5 | 17.1 | 1542 | 22.5 | 82.9 | 1860 | ||
| Renal vascular disease | 320 | 23.6 | 16.4 | 1629 | 23.7 | 83.6 | 1949 | ||
| Glomerulonephritis | 45 | 3.3 | 7 | 602 | 8.8 | 93 | 647 | ||
| Interstitial nephritis, toxic/pyelonephritis | 94 | 6.9 | 20.1 | 374 | 5.5 | 79.9 | 468 | ||
| Other nephropathies | 74 | 5.5 | 20.7 | 284 | 4.1 | 79.3 | 358 | ||
| Systemic disease | 83 | 6.1 | 28.5 | 208 | 3 | 71.5 | 291 | ||
| Cystic renal disease/familial nephropathy | 28 | 2.1 | 5.1 | 523 | 7.6 | 94.9 | 551 | ||
| Renal malformation | 4 | 0.3 | 11.4 | 31 | 0.5 | 88.6 | 35 | ||
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| Heart disease | 683 | 50.4 | 22.7 | 2326 | 33.9 | 77.3 | 3009 | <0.001 | |
| Peripheral vascular diseases | 242 | 17.9 | 25.9 | 692 | 10.1 | 74.1 | 934 | <0.001 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 157 | 11.6 | 24.7 | 478 | 7 | 75.3 | 635 | <0.001 | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 289 | 21.3 | 24.7 | 882 | 12.9 | 75.3 | 1171 | <0.001 | |
| Cancer | 274 | 20.2 | 28.1 | 702 | 10.2 | 71.9 | 976 | <0.001 | |
| Lipid metabolism’s alteration | 71 | 5.2 | 12.8 | 484 | 7.1 | 87.2 | 555 | 0.0153 | |
| Neurological disease | 79 | 5.8 | 30 | 184 | 2.7 | 70 | 263 | <0.001 | |
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors (Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes) | 944 | 69.7 | 14.9 | 5414 | 78.9 | 85.2 | 6358 | <0.001 | |
| Vascular access | <0.001 | ||||||||
| FAV | 1043 | 77 | 25.1 | 3115 | 45.4 | 74.9 | 4158 | ||
| CVC | 311 | 23 | 7.7 | 3746 | 54.6 | 92.3 | 4057 | ||
| Type of dialysis unit | 0.2191 | ||||||||
| Public hospital | 524 | 38.7 | 17.1 | 2534 | 36.9 | 82.9 | 3058 | ||
| Private clinic | 830 | 61.3 | 16.1 | 4327 | 63.1 | 83.9 | 5157 | ||
| Pre-dialysis counselling | 0.0003 | ||||||||
| Yes | 975 | 72 | 15.7 | 5257 | 76.6 | 84.4 | 6232 | ||
| No | 379 | 28 | 19.1 | 1604 | 23.4 | 80.9 | 1983 | ||
| Laboratory findings, mean ± std | n | mean ± std | n | mean ± std | Total | p-value | |||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1349 | 6.0 ± 2.1 | 6845 | 6.9 ± 2.3 | 8194 | <0.001 | |||
| Hb (g/dL) | 1352 | 9.9 ± 1.3 | 6859 | 10.3 ± 1.4 | 8211 | <0.001 | |||
| CPK (U/L) | 1354 | 8.6 ± 0.8 | 6861 | 8.7 ± 0.8 | 8215 | <0.001 | |||
| Serum phosphate level (mg/dL) | 1338 | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 6809 | 5.0 ± 1.4 | 8147 | <0.001 | |||
| Serum albumin (g/L) | 1344 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 6833 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 8177 | <0.001 | |||
* Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact for categorical variables. T-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. BMI, body mass index; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; AVF, arteriovenous fistula; CVC, central venous catheter; Hb, hemoglobin; CPK, creatine phosphokinase.