Table 1.
List and classification of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used in endometriosis.
| PROM Tool | Reference | Indicators Measured | Disease Specificity | Responsiveness | Reliability (Cronbach Alpha) | Construct Validity | Dimensions | Digitalization | Ref Of Studies Used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptomatic Impact | |||||||||
| Endometriosis Symptom Diary (ESD) | [32] | Pelvic pain severity, dysmenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, dyspareunia, analgesic use | Yes | - | - | - | 5 | Yes | NCT01822080 |
| Endometriosis Impact Scale (EIS) | [32] | Physical activities, emotional well-being, and sexual activities | Yes | - | - | - | 10 | Yes | NCT0220331 |
| Endometriosis Impact Questionnaire (EIQ) | [33] | Physical-psychosocial, fertility, sexual employment, educational, and lifestyle | Yes | Yes | 0.99 | Yes | 10 | No | [33] |
| Menstrual Distress Questionnaires (MDQ) | [34] | Lower abdominal pain, back pain, headache, and nausea/vomiting | - | - | - | - | 4 | No | [35] |
| Endometriosis-specific Quality of Life | |||||||||
| Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP-5) | [31] | Pain, control and powerlessness, emotional well-being, social support, self-image | Yes | Yes | 0.83 | Yes | 1 | Yes | [94,95,96,97] |
| Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP-30) | [30] | Pain, control and powerlessness, emotional well-being, social support, self-image | Yes | Yes | 0.83 | Yes | 6 | Yes | [35,98,99,100,101,102,103] |
| Quality of life | |||||||||
| Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) | [19] | Physical functioning, social functioning, limitations due to physical problems, limitations due to emotional problems, mental health, energy and vitality, pain, and general perception of health | No | - | - | - | 2 | No | [100,104,105,106] |
| Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) | [16] | Physical functioning, physical role, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional role, mental health | No | Yes | 0.75 | Yes | 8 | No | [103,107,108,109,110,111] |
| EQ-5D | [21] | Pelvic pain severity, dysmenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, dyspareunia, analgesic use | No | Yes | - | Yes | 5 | Yes | [112,113] |
| PROMIS Global Health | [59] | Global physical health, global mental health | No | - | - | - | 2 | Yes | [60] |
| World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL BREF) | [26] | Physical health, psychological health, social relationships, environment | No | Yes | 0.83 | Yes | 4 | Yes | [27,114,115,116] |
| Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) | [29] | Physical abilities, pain, sleep, social isolation, emotional reactions, energy level, and disability | No | - | - | - | 6 | No | [117] |
| Painful symptoms | |||||||||
| Endometriosis Associated Pelvic Pain (EAPP) | [38] | Pain intensity | Yes | - | - | - | 1 | No | [38,118,119] |
| PainDETECT questionnaire (PD-Q) | [42] | Pain | No | - | - | - | 1 | No | [118] |
| ENDOPAIN-4D | [40] | Pain symptoms | Yes | Yes | 0.61 | Yes | 1 | No | [41] |
| Effects of pain | |||||||||
| Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) | [44] | Pain impact | No | - | - | - | 1 | No | [102,103] |
| Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ) | [45] | Pain | No | - | - | - | 1 | No | [103] |
| Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale (PASS) | [47] | Pain | No | - | - | - | 1 | No | [103] |
| Sexual Function | |||||||||
| Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) | [49] | Sexual Function | No | - | - | - | 6 | No | [98,101,102,108] |
| Sexual Activity Questionnaire (SAQ) | [51] | Sexual Function | No | Yes | 0.78 | Yes | 1 | No | [52] |
| Sexual Health Outcomes in Women Questionnaire (SHOW-Q) | [53] | Sexual Activity—satisfaction, orgasm, desire, and pelvic problem interference | No | - | - | - | 1 | No | [119] |
| Golombok Rust Inventory Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) | [54] | Sexual Function | No | - | - | - | 1 | No | [116] |
| Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) | [50] | Sexual Distress | No | - | - | - | 6 | No | [108] |
| Short Sexual Functioning Scale (SSFS) | [55] | Sexual Disfunction | Yes | Yes | 0.84 | Yes | 1 | No | [55] |
| Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI) | [120] | Psychological and sexual function | No | - | - | - | 10 | No | [56] |
| Sexual Self-Conscious Scale (SSCS) | [57] | Proneness to sexual situations | No | - | - | - | 2 | No | [57] |
| Fatigue | |||||||||
| PROMIS Fatigue Short Form | [59] | Fatigue | No | Yes | 0.93 | Yes | 1 | Yes | [121] |
| Piper Fatigue Scale | [61] | Fatigue | No | - | - | - | 4 | No | [102] |
| Depression & Anxiety | |||||||||
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) | [64] | Anxiety and Depression | No | - | - | - | 1 | Yes | [102,105,122] |
| Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) | [123] | Depression | No | - | - | - | 1 | No | [97,124] |
| PHQ-9 | [68] | Depression | No | - | - | - | 1 | Yes | [122] |
| Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | [71] | Anxiety | No | - | - | - | 2 | No | [110] |
| General Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) | [72] | Anxiety | No | - | - | - | 1 | No | [125] |
| Beck Anxiety Inventory | [73] | Anxiety | No | - | - | - | 1 | No | [97,124] |
| Digestive function | |||||||||
| Gastrointestinal Quality Life Index (GIQLI) | [75] | Digestive symptoms, physical status, emotions, social dysfunction, and effects of medical treatment | No | - | - | - | 5 | No | [74,102,126] |
| Knowles-Eccersley-Scott-Symptom (KESS) | [76] | Constipation | No | - | - | - | 1 | No | [127,128] |
| Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life | [77] | Fecal Incontinence | No | - | - | - | 5 | No | [126] |
| Wexner | [78] | Fecal Incontinence | No | - | - | - | 1 | Yes | [126] |
| Urinary function | |||||||||
| Urinary Symptom Profile (USP) | [129] | Urinary Function | No | - | - | - | 1 | No | [128] |
| International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS) | [130] | Fatigue | No | - | - | - | 3 | No | [131] |
| Work impact | |||||||||
| Health-Related Productivity Questionnaire (HRPQ) | [80] | Impact of disease on absenteeism and presenteeism for employment and household chores | No | Yes | - | Yes | 1 | No | [121] |
| Work Productivity and Activity Imparity (WPAI) | [82] | Absenteeism, presenteeism (overall work impairment and activity impairment). | No | - | - | - | 6 | No | [100] |
| Others | |||||||||
| International Fitness Scale | [84] | Perceived physical fitness | No | - | - | - | 6 | No | [132] |
| Coping Strategies Inventory | [133] | Problem solving, cognitive restructuring, social support, express emotions, problem avoidance, wishful thinking, social withdrawal, and self-criticism | No | - | - | - | 14 | No | [97] |
| FertiQoL | [86] | Infertility-related quality of life | No | - | - | - | 9 | No | [134] |
| Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index | [90] | Sleep quality | No | - | - | - | 7 | No | [102,135,136] |
| Insomnia Severity Index | [91] | Sleep quality | No | - | - | - | 1 | No | [135] |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale | [92] | Sleep quality | No | - | - | - | 1 | No | [135] |