Table 4.

Spinal appearance, angle of trunk rotation, and Cobb angles at baseline, within group changes from baseline to 6 months, and between group differences in changes from baseline to 6 months.

	Baseline	Within Group Changes from Baseline to 6 Months			Between Group Differences in Changes between Baseline and 6 Months
	Mean (SD)	Mean Change (SD)	p-Value	Cohen´s d	Main Effects F; p-Value; ηp2	Pairwise Comparison Mean Difference (95% CI) p-Value
	Positive change= worse outcome					Favoured group ↑
pSAQ general (7–35)					0.7; 0.485; 0.01	NA
NB	11.7 (3.5)	0.1 (2.9)	0.784
SSE	11.5 (3.1)	0.9 (2.9)	0.049	0.32
PA	11.7 (2.8)	0.6 (3.2)	0.261
Angle of trunk rotation (degrees)					4.1; 0.019; 0.07
NB	11.8 (2.7)	−0.6 (3.0)	0.172			NB-SSE= −1.5 (−3.1 to <0.1); 0.051
SSE	10.5 (3.0)	1.2 (2.4)	0.004	0.34		SSE-PA= −0.2 (−1.5 to 1.5); >0.999
PA	11.1 (2.8)	1.0 (3.0)	0.029	0.34		NB↑-PA= −1.5 (−3.0 to −0.1); 0.037
Cobb angle					1.1; 0.332; 0.02	NA
NB	32 (5.6)	2.3 (4.3)	0.001	0.34
SSE	31 (4.7)	3.7 (7.0)	0.001	0.50
PA	31 (5.6)	3.7 (6.3)	<0.001	0.50

pSAQ: pictorial Spinal Appearance Questionnaire; NB: hypercorrective Boston brace night shift; SSE: scoliosis-specific exercise; PA: adequate self-mediated physical activity. ↑ = Favoured group marked with an arrow, Bold = significant at p < 0.05; Cohen’s d estimate = effect size; η_p² = partial eta squared.