Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of matched patients with AF and prevalent HF or incident HF.
| Prevalent HF | Incident HF | Standardized Difference, Prevalent HF vs. Incident HF | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 212,293) | (n = 212,293) | (n = 212,293) | |
| Age, years | 81.5 ± 9.8 | 81.4 ± 10.0 | −1.1 |
| Sex (male) | 101,838 (48.0) | 102,423 (48.2) | 0.9 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 4.5 ± 1.2 | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 0.3 |
| HASBLED score | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 0.6 |
| Hypertension | 159,619 (75.2) | 160,555 (75.6) | 1.0 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 45,788 (21.6) | 47,155 (22.2) | 1.5 |
| Smoker | 8091 (3.8) | 8926 (4.2) | 1.5 |
| Dyslipidemia | 48,405 (22.8) | 50,225 (23.7) | 1.9 |
| Obesity | 30,053 (14.2) | 30,939 (14.6) | 1.1 |
| History of pulmonary edema | 5751 (2.7) | 6750 (3.2) | 2.0 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 21,158 (10.0) | 22,755 (10.7) | 2.1 |
| Coronary artery disease | 70,625 (33.3) | 72,363 (34.1) | 1.7 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 22,837 (10.8) | 24,018 (11.3) | 1.6 |
| Previous PCI | 11,389 (5.4) | 12,098 (5.7) | 1.3 |
| Previous CABG | 7865 (3.7) | 8183 (3.9) | 0.6 |
| Mitral regurgitation | 14,108 (6.6) | 14,734 (6.9) | 1.0 |
| Aortic regurgitation | 4493 (2.1) | 4811 (2.3) | 0.8 |
| Aortic stenosis | 14,791 (7.0) | 15,659 (7.4) | 1.3 |
| Vascular disease | 41,500 (19.5) | 43,398 (20.4) | 2.0 |
| Pacemaker or ICD | 18,855 (8.9) | 19,279 (9.1) | 0.6 |
| ICD | 282 (0.1) | 308 (0.1) | 0.1 |
| CRT | 129 (0.1) | 142 (0.1) | 0.1 |
| Ischemic stroke | 11,027 (5.2) | 11,630 (5.5) | 1.1 |
| Alcohol related diagnoses | 6062 (2.9) | 6738 (3.2) | 1.3 |
| Abnormal renal function | 17,156 (8.1) | 18,138 (8.5) | 1.4 |
| Lung disease | 39,514 (18.6) | 40,366 (19.0) | 0.9 |
| Sleep apnea syndrome | 9262 (4.4) | 9878 (4.7) | 1.1 |
| COPD | 23,494 (11.1) | 23,993 (11.3) | 0.7 |
| Liver disease | 5139 (2.4) | 5682 (2.7) | 1.1 |
| Thyroid diseases | 23,649 (11.1) | 23,923 (11.3) | 0.4 |
| Inflammatory disease | 11,570 (5.5) | 11,901 (5.6) | 0.6 |
| Anemia | 38,038 (17.9) | 39,034 (18.4) | 1.1 |
| Previous cancer | 33,252 (15.7) | 34,512 (16.3) | 1.5 |
| Poor nutrition | 23,329 (11.0) | 24,008 (11.3) | 0.9 |
| Cognitive impairment | 29,406 (13.9) | 28,925 (13.6) | −0.6 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT, cardiac re-synchronization therapy; HF, heart failure; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.