Figure 7.

Succinate induces capillary structure formation as well as VEGF gene expression in FpECAs. (A) Tube formation assay in FpECAs treated with vehicle or succinate either alone or in combination with the positive control bVT. Tube length was calculated as µm per mm²; paired t-test, * p < 0.05, data are mean ±SEM (n = 4). Images are representative of 4 independent experiments (scale bar 500 µM, objective 4×). (B) RT-PCR of FpECAs treated with vehicle or succinate for 4 h and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, data are shown as mean ±SEM (n = 6).