Figure 5.
Cu-toxic effects on mean (± SE, n = 3) concentrations of hormones in leaves (A) and Heatmap of 34 hormones identified in leaves of C. grandis seedlings with 0.5 (control) and 400 (Cu-toxicity) μM Cu (B). Total ABAs, AUXs, CKs, GAs, JAs, SAs and SLs were the summation of all individual hormone detected for each class. Units for TRP and total AUXs were μg g−1 FW. For the same hormone, different letters above the bars indicate a significant difference at p < 0.05. ABA-GE, ABA-glucosyl ester; ACC, 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid; AUXs, auxins; BAP7G, N6-benzyladenine-7-glucoside; CKs, cytokinins; cZ9G, cis-zeatin-9-glucoside; DHZR, dihydrozeatin ribonucleoside; 5DS, 5-deoxystrigol; ETH, ethylene; GA1, gibberellin A1; GA24, gibberellin A24; GAs, gibberellins; H2JA, dihydrojasmonic acid; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; IAA-Ala, N-(3-indolylacetyl)-l-alanine; IAA-Phe-Me, indole-3-acetyl-l-phenylalanne methyl ester; IAA-Val, N-(3-indolylacetyl)-l-valine; IAN, 3-indoleacetonitrile; ICAld, indole-3-carboxaldehyde; ILA, indole-3-lactic acid; IPR, N6-isopentenyladenosine; JA, jasmonic acid; JA-ILE, jasmonoyl- L-isoleucine; JAs, jasmonates; MEIAA, methyl indole-3-acetate; MEJA, methyl jasmonate; 2MeScZ, 2-methylthio-cis-zeatin; OPC-4, 3-oxo-2-(2-(Z)-pentenyl) cyclopentane-1-butyric acid; OPC-6, 3-oxo-2-(2-(Z)-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-hexanoic acid; OPDA, cis(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid, oTR, ortho-topolin riboside; pT, para-topolin; SA, salicylic acid; SAG, salicylic acid 2-O-β-glucoside; SAs, salicylates; SLs, strigolactones; ST, (±) strigol; TRA, tryptamine; TRP, l-tryptophan; tZR, trans-zeatin riboside.