Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory data in the study group and in the control group.
| Study Group | Control Group | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | (n = 81) | (n = 60) | |
| Demographic data | |||
| Sex, male, n (%) | 58 (71.6) | 39 (65.0) | 0.223 |
| Age at the diagnosis (years) | 0.40 (0.10; 4.98) | - | |
| Age at the study entry (years) | 3.92 (0.67; 9.17) | 4.08 (1.83; 10.08) | 0.247 |
| Obstructive uropathy, n (%) | |||
| UPJO | 53 (65) | ||
| UVJO | 17 (21) | ||
| PUV | 11 (14) | ||
| Ultrasonography | |||
| Dilatation of renal pelvis, n (%) | |||
| Severe (APD > 20 mm) | 19 (23) | ||
| Moderate (APD 10–20 mm) | 51 (63) | ||
| Mild (APD < 10 mm) | 11 (14) | ||
| Laboratory data | |||
| Serum Cr (mg/dL) | 0.40 (0.30; 0.50) | 0.40 (0.30; 0.50) | 0.603 |
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.91 ± 0.22 | 0.81 ± 0.15 | 0.005 |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 106.90 ± 18.57 | 121.60 ± 26.09 | <0.001 |
| ACR (mg/g) | 16.87 (7.04; 26.12) | 11.67 (4.85; 18.83) | 0.024 |
| Urinary biomarkers | |||
| TGF-β1 (ng/mL) | 0.038 ± 0.021 | 0.046 ± 0.027 | 0.069 |
| Endoglin (ng/mL) | 8.82 ± 3.68 | 9.85 ± 4.86 | 0.090 |
| Periostin (ng/mL) | 0.092 (0.062; 0.160) | 0.028 (0.013; 0.053) | <0.001 |
| Cytokeratin-18 (ng/mL) | 0.383 ± 0.152 | 0.320 ± 0.162 | 0.012 |
| TGF-β1/Cr (ng/mg) | 0.088 (0.028; 0.261) | 0.103 (0.040; 0.281) | 0.450 |
| Endoglin/Cr (ng/mg) | 21.39 (6.55; 57.04) | 22.47 (9.82; 55.55) | 0.580 |
| Periostea/Cr (ng/mg) | 0.258 (0.131; 0.508) | 0.081 (0.024; 0.164) | <0.001 |
| Cytokeratin-18/Cr (ng/mg) | 0.838 (0.310; 1.984) | 0.562 (0.293; 1.580) | 0.260 |
UPJO—ureteropelvic junction obstruction; UVJO—ureterovesical junction obstruction; PUV—posterior urethral valves; APD—anterior–posterior diameter; Cr—creatinine; GFR—estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR—urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; TGF-β1—transforming growth factor- β1.