Figure 1.

Yeast uptake assay using a mixture of genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. The level of (A) genistein, (B) daidzein, (C) glycitein, or (D) total aglycone (genistein, daidzein and glycitein) was determined. Metabolites were extracted from the yeast after feeding for 24 h and analyzed using UPLC against the respective standards. Values obtained from the yeast expressing GmMATE1 or GmMATE2 were normalized to those from the empty vector control (EV) in the same experiment. Values shown were the mean of six independent experiments ± SEM. Significant differences compared to EV were determined by Mann-Whitney test. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.