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. 2021 Oct 28;14(21):6476. doi: 10.3390/ma14216476

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Representative fracture modes of failed specimens: (a) Class I: crack formation within restoration without chipping; (b) Class II: cohesive fracture within restoration without involving the tooth structure; (c) Class III: adhesive fracture between the restoration and tooth; and (d) Class IV: longitudinal fracture of the restoration and tooth.