Table 3.

Pharmacological actions on uveitis and related signal pathways of natural products.

Natural products	Pharmacological actions related to uveitis	Signal pathways	Symptoms that can be improved
Matrine	Anti-inflammation, inhibited proliferation of fibroblasts and neovascularization	TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway VEGF signaling pathway	Ciliary congestion, retinal edema, fundus hemorrhage, glaucoma, corneal neovascularization
Berberine	Anti-inflammation, regulation of gene expression, regulation of intestinal flora	IL-17 signaling pathway	Retinal edema and hemorrhage, corneal edema, retinal folding, iris congestion, iris adhesions
TGP	Anti-inflammation, antiapoptotic	Fas/FasL signaling pathway	Iris ciliary swelling, retinal edema, iris hemorrhage, hypopyon, miosis
TWP	Anti-inflammation, antiapoptotic	TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway ERK/MAPK signaling pathway	Keratic precipitate, anterior chamber flare, iris edema, vision loss
APS	Anti-inflammation, antiapoptotic	TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway TRAF6/TAK1 signaling pathway	Glaucoma
HPS	Anti-inflammation	TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway TRAF6/TAK1 signaling pathway	Hypopyon, vision loss
RP	Anti-inflammation	TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway	Unknown
Curcumin	Antioxidation, anti-inflammation, antiapoptotic, antifibrinolytic effects	TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway SDF-1/CXCR-4 signaling pathway Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 signaling pathway Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway	Keratic precipitate, eye pain, blurred vision, ciliary congestion, aqueous and vitreous opacity