Table 3.

Cox Proportional hazards models for incident parkinson disease by visual impairment status.

VI Status	Age-, Gender- and Ethnicity-Adjusted Model				Multivariable Model a
	HR (95% CI)			P-value	HR (95% CI)			P-value
Main analysis
VI status
None	1 [Reference]			–	1 [Reference]			–
VI	2·13 (1·27–3·56)			0·004	2·28 (1·29–4·05)			0·005
Sensitivity analysis Ib
VI status
None	–			–	1 [Reference]			–
VI	–			–	2.28 (1·29–4·04)			0·005
Sensitivity analysis IIc
VI status
None	1 [Reference]			–	1 [Reference]			–
VI	1·79 (1·05–3·03)			0·031	1·93 (1·07–3·48)			0·030

VI = visual impairment; PD = Parkinson's disease; HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval.

^aCox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, smoking status, drinking status, obesity, physical activity, history of stroke, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, psychotropic medications and cognitive impairment.

^bCox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, smoking status, drinking status, obesity, physical activity, history of stroke, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, psychotropic medications, cognitive impairment and depression.

^cExcluding incident PD diagnosed in the year immediately following baseline assessment.