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. 2021 Nov 12;145:112420. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112420

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© 2021 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

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Fig. 3 — IL-6 Signaling (Classical and Trans): IL-6 signaling leads to both anti-inflammatory and inflammatory cascades by classical and trans-signaling pathways. Classical IL-6 signaling is anti-inflammatory through IL-6 binding to the transmembrane cell surface receptor. IL-6 trans-signaling is thought to be pro-inflammatory pathway. In this state, IL-6/IL-6R complex bind to the gp130 on cell surface. The both of classical and trans-signaling through IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 complex activates cellular pathways by JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK pathways.