Table 3.

List of common chemical agents used in chemical mutagenesis (Maluszynski et al., 2009, 2016; Magori et al., 2010; Leitao, 2012; Bado et al., 2015; Suprasanna et al., 2015; Spencer‐Lopes et al., 2018)

Chemical mutagenesis
Chemical	Abbreviation	Type
Ethyl methanesulfonate	EMS	Alkylating
N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea	ENU (ENH)	Alkylating
N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea	MNU (MNH)	Alkylating
Ethyleneimine	EI	Alkylating
Diethyl sulfate	DES	Alkylating
N‐methyl‐N1‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine	MNNG	Alkylating
1‐ethyl‐2‐nitro‐1‐nitrosoguanidine	ENNG	Alkylating
Dimethyl sulfate	DMS	Alkylating
Methyl methanesulfonate	MMS	Alkylating
N,N‐diethylnitrous amide	NDEA	Alkylating
N,N‐dimethylnitrous amide	NDMA	Alkylating
Diepoxybutane	DEB	Alkylating
Sodium azide	SA	Mutagenesis mediated by organic intermediate (L‐azido‐alanine)
Base analogues (e.g. 5‐bromo‐uracil, 5‐bromo‐deoxyuridine)	–	Base analogues
Intercalating agents (e.g. ethidium bromide, acridines)	–	DNA intercalating agent