Table 1.
The baseline characteristics of patients with cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD).
| Baseline characteristics |
All patients (n = 113) |
LVEF recovery (n = 63) |
Non-LVEF recovery (n = 21) |
Unknown LVEF recovery (n = 29) |
p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (female)-n (%) | 93 (82.3) | 54 (85.7) | 17 (81.0) | 7 (24.1) | 0.508 |
| Age (years old) | 49.2 (12.1) | 49.6 (11.4) | 51.1 (13.3) | 47.0 (12.9) | 0.620 |
| Tobacco history-n (%) | 0.756 | ||||
| Never smoker | 85 (75.2) | 49 (77.7) | 15 (71.4) | 21 (72.4) | |
| Past smoker | 15 (13.3) | 6 (9.5) | 4 (19.0) | 5 (17.2) | |
| Current smoker | 13 (11.5) | 8 (12.7) | 2 (9.5) | 3 (10.3) | |
| Arterial hypertension-n (%) | 21 (18.6) | 15 (23.8) | 6 (28.6) | 0 (0) | 0.011 |
| Diabetes-n (%) | 6 (5.3) | 4 (6.4) | 2 (9.5) | 0 (0) | 0.325 |
| Dyslipidemia-n (%) | 15 (13.3) | 9 (14.3) | 4 (19.0) | 2 (6.9) | 0.519 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 (3.8) | 25.4 (4.1) | 24.9 (3.5) | 26.6 (1.3) | 0.777 |
| Previous cancer-n (%) | 15 (13.3) | 9 (14.3) | 2 (9.5) | 4 (13.8) | 0.868 |
| Chronic kidney disease-n (%) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Previous cardiopathy-n (%) | 3 (2.7) | 2 (3.2) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) | 0.594 |
| Baseline LVEF (%) | 57.7 (5.5) | 58.4 (5.8) | 56.7 (4.5) | 56.9 (5.6) | 0.210 |
| Previous HF-n (%) | 0 (0) | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 119.1 (14.2) | 117.6 (13.3) | 124.2 (16.6) | 124.7 (21.4) | 0.292 |
| Previous AF-n (%) | 2 (1.8) | 2 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.833 |
| HR (bpm) | 84.0 (9.6) | 84.2 (9.7) | 82.3 (7.7) | 85.7 (15.3) | 0.667 |
| Prior medical treatment-n (%) | 0.186 | ||||
| Beta-blockers | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | (0) | |
| ACE-I/ARB | 11 (9.7) | 9 (14.3) | 2 (9.5) | (0) | |
| Digoxin | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0) | (0) | |
| Diuretics | 6 (5.3) | 5 (7.9) | 1 (4.8) | (0) | |
| Statins | 6 (5.3) | 3 (4.8) | 1 (4.8) | 2 (6.9) | |
| Type of cancer-n (%) | 0.880 | ||||
| Breast cancer | 82 (72.6) | 49 (77.8) | 15 (71.4) | 18 (62.1) | |
| Hematological diseases | 18 (15.9) | 9 (14.3) | 3 (14.3) | 6 (20.7) | |
| Bone cancer | 4 (3.5) | 2 (3.2) | 1 (4.8) | 1 (3.5) | |
| Gynecologic non-breast cancer | 3 (2.7) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (4.8) | 1 (3.5) | |
| Other | 6 (5.3) | 2 (3.2) | 1 (4.8) | 3 (10.3) | |
| Chemotherapy agent-n (%) | |||||
| Trastuzumab | 38 (33.6) | 32 (50.8) | 3 (14.3) | 3 (10.3) | 0.004 |
| Anthracycline | 82 (72.6) | 46 (73.0) | 16 (76.2) | 20 (69.0) | 0.750 |
| Cyclophosphamide | 54 (47.8) | 33 (52.4) | 8 (38.1) | 11 (37.9) | 0.236 |
| Docetaxel | 36 (31.9) | 23 (36.5) | 4 (19.0) | 9 (31.0) | 0.130 |
| Cisplatin/Carboplatin | 24 (21.2) | 17 (27.0) | 3 (14.3) | 4 (13.8) | 0.560 |
| Gemcitabine | 10 (8.8) | 2 (3.2) | 4 (19.0) | 4 (13.8) | 0.015 |
| Fluorouracil | 35 (31.0) | 19 (30.2) | 5 (23.8) | 11 (37.9) | 0.556 |
| Paclitaxel | 25 (2.1) | 14 (22.2) | 6 (28.6) | 5 (17.2) | 0.584 |
| Thoracic radiotherapy-n (%) | 60 (53.1) | 37 (58.7) | 8 (38.1) | 15 (51.7) | 0.396 |
| Time from chemotherapy to CTRCD (months) | |||||
| Median time | 8 (4, 19) | 9 (4, 17) | 5 (2.5; 12) | 5 (2.5; 12) | 0.221 |
| Mean time | 30.2 (57.8) | 27.8 (54.3) | 65.4 (86.2) | 9.8 (12.8) | 0.07 |
| Start cardiac- specific treatment-n (%) | 75 (66.4) | 54 (85.7) | 17 (81) | 4 (13.8) | 0.127 |
| Death patients-n (%) | 35 (30.9) | 20 (31.7) | 7 (33.3) | 8 (27.6) | 0.297 |
| CV causes | 8 (7.1) | 3 (4.8) | 4 (19.1) | 1 (3.5) | 0.06 |
| Non-CV causes | 12 (10.6) | 8 (12.7) | 1 (4.8) | 3 (10.3) | 0.552 |
| Cancer | 15 (13.3) | 9 (14.3) | 2 (9.5) | 4 (13.8) | 0.804 |
ACE-I, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; BPM, beats per minute; CTRCD, cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction; CV, cardiovascular; HF, heart failure; HR, heart rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Cardiac-specific treatment meant to receive at least ACE-I/ARB after CTRCD diagnosis.
*
p-value is calculated to compare LVEF recovery and non-LVEF recovery patients.