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. 2021 Oct 29;12:770518. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.770518

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Copyright © 2021 Landersdorfer and Nation.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic of model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) achieved via a so-called “Smart System” (Landersdorfer and Nation, 2021). Such a system may inform delivery of future precision antibiotic therapy and improve treatment of infections, especially in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock who have unstable pathophysiology and difficult-to-treat infections. AFC, adaptive feedback control; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MBM, mechanism-based model; PK, pharmacokinetic; TDM, therapeutic drug monitoring (antibiotic concentration in plasma or, if possible, at the site of infection). The figure is a modified form of Figure 3 in the original publication of Landersdorfer and Nation, 2021.