Fig. 4.

Effect of chronic glucose starvation on expression levels of genes associated with inflammation in cultured primary rat astrocytes. Under chronic glucose starvation, NLRP3 a and IL1β b gene expression showed a trend to be elevated on day 3 under 2 mM glucose conditions. Chronic glucose starvation doubled the gene expression of IL6 on days 3, 6, 9, and 15, becoming significant on days 6 and 15 c in the 2 mM glucose conditions. The expression of TNFα was not statistically influenced at any time point d. The expression of mi-RNA 155-5p was significantly increased at days 6 and 15 e. Data represent the means ± SEM from three independent experiments (n = 3). *, **, ***p ≤ 0.05; p ≤ 0.01; p ≤ 0.001 compared with 25 mM