Table 1.

Model parameters of the pharmacokinetic base model

Parameter	Value	RSE (%)	Inter-individual variability CV (%)a	RSE (%)	Shrinkage (%)
CL/F (L/h)	1.3	2.09	38.47	8.33	6.18d
Correlation (CL/F~V/F)	0.70	11.9
V/F (L)	38.9	2.18	28.23	12.5	19.5d
ka (1/h)	1.5	9.53	102.99	18.5	37.2d
Proportional error (%)	26.02b	4.37			8.91e
Additive error (µg/L)	7.81c	14.6			8.91e

CL/F apparent clearance, CV coefficient of variation, k_a absorption rate constant, PK pharmacokinetic, RSE relative standard error, V/F apparent volume of distribution

^aThe CV% is calculated by SQRT[EXP(OMEGA²)−1] × 100 [40]

^bThe CV is calculated by SQRT(SIGMA²) × 100

^cThe standard deviation is calculated by SQRT(SIGMA²)

^dThe shrinkage is calculated by 100% × [1 − SD(ETA)/SQRT(OMEGA²)]

^eThe Epsilon shrinkage is calculated by 100% × [1 − SD(IWRES)]