Table 2.

Studies relating orbital growth to age

Author	Study objective	Analysis method	Sample size	Outcome(s)
Scott3 (1953)	To study the growth of the human face	X-rays	–	• Rapid increase in orbital volume till 3 years of age. Near adult, orbital volume achieved till 12 years of age.
Bartlett and Moore4 (1973)	Studied orbital growth	Opinions and assertions	–	• Orbital socket development completes at 12 years of age.
Furuta5 (2001)	Measured orbital volume	Reconstructed X-ray computed tomography (CT) images	109	• The rapid growth of the orbit comes to an end by 15 years of age in boys and by 11 years in girls.
				• Greater than 95% of the growth of the adult orbit has already been completed by the first half of the teens.
Yago and Furuta6 (2001)	To study orbital growth after unilateral enucleation	X-ray computed tomography images.	5	• Orbital heights attained at age of 3, 7, and 10 years were 79, 94, and 97% of adult size, respectively
Bentley et al.7 (2002)	To study normal changes in orbital volume during childhood	Magnetic resonance images	67	• Orbital volume increases till 15 years of age in both males and females.
				• 77% of the total orbital volume is achieved by age of 5 years.
				• Orbital volume is more in males as compared to females.
Chau et al.8 (2004)	To study orbital development by measuring orbital volume	Magnetic resonance images	81	• Orbit grows till about 16 years of age.
				• 75% growth in an orbit seen from 1 to 3 years of age.
				• 25% growth seen from 4 to 16 years of age.
Ji et al.9 (2015)	Analyze bony orbital maldevelopment after enucleation	Computer tomography scans	87	• Orbital growth takes till 18 years of age.
				• Enucleating the orbit during the growth phase reduces the growth rate of that side, but does not stop the growth completely.