Table 2.

Analysis of the selected articles

No	Title	Author	Year	Study type	Form in which chitosan is used	Type of teeth	Tissue remineralized	Result
1	Chitosan-bioglass complexes promote subsurface remineralization of incipient human carious enamel lesions	Zhang et al.	2019	In vitro	Chitosan bio-glass complex	Human third molars	Enamel	Chitosan bio-glass complex promoted subsurface remineralization
2	Remineralization of enamel white spot lesions pretreated with chitosan in the presence of salivary pellicle	Zhang et al.	2018	In vitro	Chitosan solution	Human third molars	Enamel	Chitosan enhances white spot lesion remineralization
3	Biomimetic remineralization of demineralized enamel with nano-complexes of phosphorylated chitosan and amorphous calcium phosphate	Zhang et al.	2014	In vitro	Phosphorylated chitosan-amorphous calcium phosphate nano complexes	Human third molars	Enamel	Phosphorylated chitosan-amorphous calcium phosphate nano complexes caused significant subsurface remineralization
4	In vitro subsurface remineralization of artificial enamel white spot lesions pretreated with chitosan	Zhang et al.	2018	In vitro	Chitosan solution	Human third molars	Enamel	Chitosan improved the remineralization efficiency of the remineralizing solution
5	Rapid biomimetic remineralization of the demineralized enamel surface using nano-particles of amorphous calcium phosphate guided by chimaeric peptides	Xiao et al.	2017	In vitro	Carboxymethyl chitosan- amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex solution	Human third molars	Enamel	Carboxymethyl chitosan-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex solution brought about biomineralization of enamel
6	Biomimetic remineralization of demineralized dentine using scaffold of CMC/ACP nanocomplexes in an in vitro tooth model of deep caries	Chen et al.	2015	In vitro	Carboxymethyl chitosan-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex solution	Human third molars	Dentin	Completely demineralized dentin was partially remineralized by biomimetic strategy
7	Chitosan effect on dental enamel de-remineralization: an in vitro evaluation	Arnaud et al.	2010	In vitro	Chitosan solution	Human teeth	Enamel	Chitosan inhibits demineralization
8	Amelogenin-chitosan matrix for human enamel regrowth: effects of viscosity and supersaturation degree	Ruan et al.	2014	In vitro	Amelogenin chitosan hydrogel	Human third molars	Enamel	Under optimal conditions, the CS-AMEL system helped in the formation of enamel-like organized apatite crystals
9	Anti-biofilm and remineralization effects of chitosan hydrogel containing amelogenin-derived peptide on initial caries lesions	Ren et al.	2018	In vitro	chitosan hydrogel containing amelogenin-derived peptide	Bovine incisors	Enamel	The chitosan hydrogel containing the amelogenin-derived peptide
Inhibited S. mutans biofilm and promote the remineralization of the initial enamel caries
10	Novel hybrid chitosan/calcium phosphates microgels for remineralization of demineralized enamel—A model study	Simeonov et al.	2019	In vitro	hybrid chitosan/calcium phosphates microgels	Human permanent molars and premolars	Enamel	Chitosan had superior bio adhesiveness by which it continuously supplied calcium and phosphate ions for remineralization. Chitosan has an anti-microbial property to enhance remineralization
11	Efficacy of amelogenin-chitosan hydrogel in biomimetic repair of human enamel in pH-cycling systems	Ruan et al.	2016	In vitro	Amelogenin chitosan hydrogel	Human third molars	Enamel	CS-AMEL hydrogel effectively formed a new organized layer of enamel-like crystals on the surface of erosive lesions
12	Carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate and dentin remineralization	Santoso et al.	2019	In vitro	Carboxymethyl chitosan- amorphous calcium phosphate gel	Human teeth	Dentin	Carboxymethyl chitosan-amorphous calcium phosphate gel induced dentin remineralization
13	Induced synthesis of hydroxyapatite by chitosan for enamel remineralization	Tian et al.	2012	In vitro	Chitosan hydrogel	Human molars	Enamel	Chitosan-enhanced biomimetic remineralization
14	The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate to guide tissue remineralization of dentin collagen	Annisa et al.	2019	In vitro	Carboxymethyl chitosan-amorphous calcium phosphate solution	Human premolar	Dentin	Chitosan improved intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar remineralization
15	Biomimetic deposition of calcium phosphate minerals on the surface of partially demineralized dentine modified with phosphorylated chitosan	Zhang et al.	2011	In vitro	Phosphorylated chitosan	Human third molar	Dentin	Chitosan facilitated biomimetic surface remineralization