Fig. 2. Ectopic new bone formation is accompanied by aberrant chondrocytes and inflammation in CD4-CKO mice.
a TRAP staining of distal femur stained. b Osteocalcin immunostaining images of tibia sections. Arrows indicate osteoclasts. c, d H&E and Safranin O-Fast Green (SOFG) analysis of knee joints. Black arrows show degenerated articular cartilage, and blue arrows show ectopic new bone formation in articular cavity and enthesis. e, f H&E and SOFG staining images of spine section. g H&E and SOFG staining images of hip joint section. a–g Scale bars: 200 μm. c, d, g Black arrows show degenerated articular cartilage, and blue arrows show ectopic new bone formation in articular cavity and enthesis. Data are representative of three independent biological replicates. h, i SOFG staining images and measure of the epiphyseal plate. Scale bars: 50 μm. i Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 10). ***p < 0.001, determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test. j H&E staining images show inflammation, pannus formation, and proliferating synoviocytes in knee joints. Scale bars: 100 μm. Data are representative of five independent biological replicates.