Table A2.
Descriptive statistics. Association analysis.
| Variable name | Mean | SD | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Counterfactual analysis | ||||
| Employment (log) | 9.30 | 1.25 | 5.95 | 14.41 |
| Employment in manufacturing (log) | 7.52 | 1.61 | 3.50 | 12.65 |
| Employment in services (log) | 8.88 | 1.28 | 5.51 | 14.22 |
| Business births | 57.96 | 243.92 | 1 | 5173 |
| Business deaths | 46.72 | 204.10 | 1 | 9685 |
| Share of LLMs without specialization | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0 | 1 |
| Share of touristic LLMs | 0.14 | 0.34 | 0 | 1 |
| Share of non-manufacturing (non-touristic) LLMs | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0 | 1 |
| Share of made in Italy LLMs | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0 | 1 |
| Share of manufacturing LLMs | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0 | 1 |
| <=10,000 inhabitants | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0 | 1 |
| (10,000; 50,000] | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
| (50,000; 100,000] | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0 | 1 |
| (100,000; 500,000] | 0.18 | 0.39 | 0 | 1 |
| >500,000 inhabitants | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0 | 1 |
| Activity rate (%) | 48.10 | 6.67 | 29.79 | 63.91 |
| Unemployment rate (%) | 12.14 | 6.19 | 1.19 | 39.08 |
| Population (log) | 10.71 | 1.13 | 8.05 | 15.18 |
| Population density | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 3.17 |
| Share of foreign population |
0.07 |
0.04 |
0.00 |
0.18 |
| Number of LLM-quarters |
10,980 |
|||
|
Association analysis | ||||
| Employment change in 2020 (%) | −3.47 | 4.20 | −26.90 | 9.71 |
| Unemployment rate (%) | 10.99 | 5.91 | 1.19 | 36.19 |
| Excess mortality estimates (%) | 7.99 | 19.72 | −34.30 | 148.07 |
| Share of jobs in suspended economic activities | 0.47 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 0.79 |
| Per capita income (€) | 16559 | 4109 | 8050 | 27664 |
| Share of firms having employees in CIGS | 0.0008 | 0.0007 | 0 | 0.0046 |
| Share of population living in peripheral areas | 0.29 | 0.40 | 0 | 1 |
| Share of temporary contracts | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.56 |
| Number of road accidents per 10,000 inhabitants | 2.18 | 1.20 | 0 | 6.94 |
| Index of relational intensity (IIRFL) | 25.70 | 14.48 | 0.2 | 66.1 |
| Dependency ratio | 0.58 | 0.05 | 0.43 | 0.78 |
| Share of innovative start-ups | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0 | 0.017 |
| Share of jobs having a high risk of social aggregation | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.76 |
| Share of jobs having a high integrated risk | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.37 |
| Number of hospital beds per 1000 inhabitants | 2.43 | 3.16 | 0 | 24.27 |
| Share of workers employed in health care occupations |
0.0253 |
0.0265 |
0 |
0.3530 |
| Supply-side changes (used in the sensitivity check) | −0.27 | 0.06 | −0.51 | −0.10 |
| Demand-side changes (used in the sensitivity check) |
−0.21 |
0.08 |
−0.08 |
−0.61 |
| Number of LLM |
610 |
|||
|
Great Recession analysis | ||||
| Employment (log) – Istat data | 9.71 | 1.17 | 7.21 | 14.31 |
| Share of LLMs without specialization | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0 | 1 |
| Share of touristic LLMs | 0.14 | 0.34 | 0 | 1 |
| Share of non-manufacturing (non-touristic) LLMs | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0 | 1 |
| Share of made in Italy LLMs | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0 | 1 |
| Share of manufacturing LLMs | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0 | 1 |
| <=10,000 inhabitants | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0 | 1 |
| (10,000; 50,000] | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
| (50,000; 100,000] | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0 | 1 |
| (100,000; 500,000] | 0.18 | 0.39 | 0 | 1 |
| >500,000 inhabitants | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0 | 1 |
| Population density | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.01 | 3.12 |
| Per capita income (€) |
15408 |
3136 |
8757 |
25172 |
| Number of LLM-years | 1830 | |||