Table 3.
Stratified analysis of the relationship between LDL-C level and all-cause mortality in the NHANES Study, 1999–2014.
| Characteristics | LDL-C (mg/dL) | Numbers of Events | HR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Men | < 70 | 101 | 1.315 (1.023–1.690) | 0.033 |
| 70–99 | 225 | 1.071 (0.887–1.294) | 0.475 | |
| 100–129 | 284 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 182 | 0.898 (0.733–1.100) | 0.300 | |
| ≥ 160 | 91 | 1.042 (0.828–1.312) | 0.724 | |
| Women | < 70 | 60 | 1.460 (1.068–1.998) | 0.018 |
| 70–99 | 173 | 1.133 (0.916–1.401) | 0.251 | |
| 100–129 | 220 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 170 | 0.946 (0.756–1.183) | 0.627 | |
| ≥ 160 | 113 | 1.125 (0.896–1.413) | 0.311 | |
| Race | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | < 70 | 94 | 1.318 (1.024–1.696) | 0.032 |
| 70–99 | 234 | 1.080 (0.902–1.293) | 0.404 | |
| 100–129 | 305 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 219 | 0.935 (0.774–1.130) | 0.487 | |
| ≥ 160 | 112 | 1.060 (0.860–1.306) | 0.586 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | < 70 | 28 | 1.441 (0.891–2.329) | 0.136 |
| 70–99 | 69 | 1.059 (0.740–1.514) | 0.755 | |
| 100–129 | 77 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 44 | 0.913 (0.609–1.369) | 0.659 | |
| ≥ 160 | 42 | 1.066 (0.718–1.581) | 0.752 | |
| Mexican American | < 70 | 27 | 1.662 (1.022–2.703) | 0.040 |
| 70–99 | 71 | 1.246 (0.876–1.773) | 0.221 | |
| 100–129 | 87 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 68 | 0.915 (0.634–1.319) | 0.633 | |
| ≥ 160 | 39 | 1.525 (1.039–2.237) | 0.031 | |
| Other Hispanic | < 70 | 8 | 3.744 (1.484–9.443) | 0.005 |
| 70–99 | 16 | 1.690 (0.805–3.549) | 0.165 | |
| 100–129 | 20 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 13 | 0.827 (0.358–1.910) | 0.656 | |
| ≥ 160 | 5 | 0.563 (0.208–1.522) | 0.257 | |
| Other Race | < 70 | 4 | 0.497 (0.129–1.914) | 0.310 |
| 70–99 | 8 | 0.702 (0.278–1.774) | 0.454 | |
| 100–129 | 15 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 8 | 0.766 (0.260–2.252) | 0.628 | |
| ≥ 160 | 6 | 1.382 (0.496–3.846) | 0.536 | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | < 70 | 15 | 1.280 (0.604–2.713) | 0.520 |
| 70–99 | 38 | 1.101 (0.661–1.832) | 0.712 | |
| 100–129 | 46 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 16 | 0.508 (0.261–0.988) | 0.046 | |
| ≥ 160 | 11 | 0.875 (0.443–1.728) | 0.700 | |
| Married | < 70 | 87 | 1.475 (1.142–1.906) | 0.003 |
| 70–99 | 206 | 1.136 (0.936–1.378) | 0.196 | |
| 100–129 | 256 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 204 | 1.024 (0.840–1.250) | 0.812 | |
| ≥ 160 | 101 | 1.286 (1.032–1.604) | 0.025 | |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | < 70 | 57 | 1.237 (0.889–1.723) | 0.207 |
| 70–99 | 148 | 1.081 (0.861–1.357) | 0.504 | |
| 100–129 | 227 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 147 | 0.848 (0.662–1.087) | 0.194 | |
| ≥ 160 | 103 | 0.916 (0.712–1.179) | 0.495 | |
| Education level | ||||
| Primary school | < 70 | 29 | 1.203 (0.770–1.879) | 0.418 |
| 70–99 | 109 | 1.259 (0.947–1.675) | 0.113 | |
| 100–129 | 121 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 74 | 0.785 (0.564–1.091) | 0.150 | |
| ≥ 160 | 55 | 0.904 (0.651–1.254) | 0.545 | |
| Junior high school | < 70 | 36 | 1.712 (1.107–2.647) | 0.016 |
| 70–99 | 62 | 1.218 (0.861–1.724) | 0.265 | |
| 100–129 | 83 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 59 | 0.981 (0.680–1.415) | 0.918 | |
| ≥ 160 | 36 | 1.336 (0.911–1.959) | 0.139 | |
| Senior high school | < 70 | 34 | 1.562 (1.031–2.367) | 0.035 |
| 70–99 | 97 | 1.271 (0.947–1.705) | 0.110 | |
| 100–129 | 108 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 94 | 1.193 (0.874–1.629) | 0.267 | |
| ≥ 160 | 51 | 1.448 (1.053–1.990) | 0.023 | |
| College and above | < 70 | 58 | 1.296 (0.939–1.788) | 0.114 |
| 70–99 | 119 | 0.900 (0.708–1.143) | 0.388 | |
| 100–129 | 184 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 122 | 0.818 (0.642–1.043) | 0.105 | |
| ≥ 160 | 60 | 0.888 (0.666–1.185) | 0.421 | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smoker | < 70 | 57 | 1.227 (0.894–1.684) | 0.206 |
| 70–99 | 149 | 0.977 (0.783–1.218) | 0.834 | |
| 100–129 | 201 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 151 | 0.919 (0.731–1.155) | 0.469 | |
| ≥ 160 | 105 | 1.188 (0.940–1.502) | 0.150 | |
| Former smoker | < 70 | 66 | 1.355 (1.006–1.826) | 0.045 |
| 70–99 | 150 | 1.118 (0.893–1.400) | 0.330 | |
| 100–129 | 197 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 134 | 0.908 (0.714–1.155) | 0.433 | |
| ≥ 160 | 51 | 0.990 (0.747–1.311) | 0.942 | |
| Current smoker | < 70 | 25 | 1.720 (1.081–2.737) | 0.022 |
| 70–99 | 76 | 1.343 (0.971–1.859) | 0.075 | |
| 100–129 | 86 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 59 | 0.936 (0.654–1.341) | 0.720 | |
| ≥ 160 | 44 | 1.029 (0.711–1.489) | 0.881 | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | < 70 | 57 | 1.406 (1.015–1.946) | 0.040 |
| 70–99 | 165 | 1.038 (0.839–1.283) | 0.732 | |
| 100–129 | 249 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 187 | 0.826 (0.668–1.021) | 0.077 | |
| ≥ 160 | 112 | 1.047 (0.841–1.304) | 0.680 | |
| Yes | < 70 | 104 | 1.416 (1.107–1.813) | 0.006 |
| 70–99 | 232 | 1.184 (0.980–1.431) | 0.081 | |
| 100–129 | 255 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 163 | 1.026 (0.829–1.270) | 0.816 | |
| ≥ 160 | 92 | 1.114 (0.878–1.414) | 0.375 | |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | < 70 | 91 | 1.290 (1.007–1.652) | 0.044 |
| 70–99 | 303 | 1.186 (1.013–1.389) | 0.034 | |
| 100–129 | 413 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 302 | 0.924 (0.786–1.087) | 0.341 | |
| ≥ 160 | 177 | 1.058 (0.889–1.259) | 0.527 | |
| Yes | < 70 | 70 | 1.554 (1.101–2.194) | 0.012 |
| 70–99 | 93 | 0.911 (0.669–1.241) | 0.554 | |
| 100–129 | 90 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 50 | 0.890 (0.598–1.323) | 0.563 | |
| ≥ 160 | 27 | 1.286 (0.845–1.958) | 0.241 | |
| Cardiovascular Disease | ||||
| No | < 70 | 97 | 1.341 (0.971–1.852) | 0.075 |
| 70–99 | 333 | 1.161 (0.956–1.410) | 0.131 | |
| 100–129 | 455 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 341 | 1.037 (0.862–1.248) | 0.700 | |
| ≥ 160 | 189 | 1.092 (0.872–1.369) | 0.443 | |
| Yes | < 70 | 73 | 1.412 (1.024–1.946) | 0.035 |
| 70–99 | 102 | 0.869 (0.650–1.161) | 0.342 | |
| 100–129 | 102 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 50 | 0.807 (0.560–1.162) | 0.248 | |
| ≥ 160 | 39 | 1.088 (0.747–1.586) | 0.660 | |
| Cancer | ||||
| No | < 70 | 122 | 1.394 (1.116–1.741) | 0.003 |
| 70–99 | 312 | 1.148 (0.981–1.343) | 0.086 | |
| 100–129 | 395 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 290 | 0.940 (0.795–1.110) | 0.463 | |
| ≥ 160 | 168 | 1.077 (0.901–1.286) | 0.416 | |
| Yes | < 70 | 35 | 1.391 (0.926–2.090) | 0.112 |
| 70–99 | 76 | 1.000 (0.726–1.376) | 0.999 | |
| 100–129 | 103 | 1 (ref) | ||
| 130–159 | 61 | 0.898 (0.630–1.278) | 0.550 | |
| ≥ 160 | 34 | 1.243 (0.851–1.817) | 0.261 | |
Adjusted for age (continuous), sex, race, marital status, education level, smoking status, BMI (continuous), hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer.
CIs Confidence intervals, HR hazard ratio, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.