Fig. 2.

(A) Schematic representation of functional vascular distribution in the human body. The vascular networks are organized into arteries (in red) and veins (in blue). The vasculatures comprise blood-carrying lumens. (B) The biochemical cues, including relevant cells and specific GFs, are expected to be integrated within the designed vascularized tissue constructs. (C) Vascularization mechanisms during (i) angiogenesis and (ii) vasculogenesis. Angiogenesis mainly relies on the sprouting of ECs to the fabricated constructs. Vasculogenesis primarily focuses on the differentiation and assembly of angioblasts and endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) into mature migrating ECs towards the repair region and subsequently forming the primitive vascular networks. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)