Table 3.
All-cause and NVAF-related HRU for patients with NVAF, obesity, and diabetes newly initiating rivaroxaban or warfarin
| Rivaroxaban (n = 9999) | Warfarin (n = 9999) | Rate ratio/mean difference (95% CI)a | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intent-to-treat analysis | ||||
| All-cause HRU | ||||
| Number of events of interest (PPPY), mean (SD) | ||||
| Inpatient hospitalizations | 1.39 (3.41) | 1.62 (3.83) | 0.86 (0.85, 0.88) | < 0.0001 |
| ER visits | 0.64 (1.56) | 0.61 (1.25) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 0.2064 |
| Hospital outpatient visits | 17.38 (12.18) | 21.33 (15.02) | 0.80 (0.79, 0.80) | < 0.0001 |
| Physician office visits | 24.36 (20.11) | 29.15 (24.39) | 0.77 (0.77, 0.78) | < 0.0001 |
| Pharmacy fills | 60.92 (39.93) | 61.21 (42.44) | 0.97 (0.97, 0.97) | < 0.0001 |
| 30-day rehospitalization rate,b n (%) | 2439 (24.4%) | 2583 (25.8%) | 0.93 (0.87, 0.99)b | 0.0189 |
| Length of hospital stay, mean (SD) | ||||
| All patients | 16.16 (34.30) | 20.57 (40.74) | −4.41 (−5.45, −3.37) | < 0.0001 |
| Patients with ≥ 1 hospitalizationc | 25.47 (40.22) | 30.66 (46.53) | −5.18 (−6.68, −3.69) | < 0.0001 |
| NVAF-relatedd HRU | ||||
| Number of events of interest (PPPY), mean (SD) | ||||
| Inpatient hospitalizations | 0.82 (1.64) | 0.89 (1.68) | 0.93 (0.90, 0.95) | < 0.0001 |
| ER visits | 0.17 (0.52) | 0.18 (0.51) | 0.93 (0.87, 0.98) | 0.0103 |
| Hospital outpatient visits | 4.34 (3.83) | 7.19 (7.43) | 0.60 (0.60, 0.61) | < 0.0001 |
| Physician office visits | 3.68 (4.52) | 6.96 (8.40) | 0.50 (0.49, 0.50) | < 0.0001 |
| Length of hospital stay, mean (SD) | ||||
| All patients | 15.47 (34.15) | 19.38 (40.43) | −3.92 (−4.95, −2.88) | < 0.0001 |
| Patients with ≥ 1 hospitalizationc | 27.51 (41.76) | 33.21 (48.39) | −5.70 (−7.36, −4.04) | < 0.0001 |
| As-treated sensitivity analysis | ||||
| All-cause HRU | ||||
| Number of events of interest (PPPY), mean (SD) | ||||
| Inpatient hospitalizations | 1.29 (3.79) | 1.62 (4.68) | 0.83 (0.82, 0.84) | < 0.0001 |
| ER visits | 0.64 (1.64) | 0.65 (1.64) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) | 0.048 |
| Hospital outpatient visits | 18.35 (13.35) | 26.88 (18.48) | 0.71 (0.71, 0.72) | < 0.0001 |
| Physician office visits | 26.21 (22.26) | 36.69 (29.16) | 0.71 (0.70, 0.71) | < 0.0001 |
| Pharmacy fills | 71.94 (44.84) | 73.23 (47.56) | 0.92 (0.91, 0.92) | < 0.0001 |
| Length of hospital stay, mean (SD) | ||||
| All patients | 5.94 (14.94) | 7.91 (18.97) | −1.97 (−2.45, −1.50) | < 0.0001 |
| Patients with ≥ 1 hospitalizationc | 9.36 (17.88) | 11.79 (22.14) | −2.43 (−3.12, −1.74) | < 0.0001 |
| NVAF-relatedd HRU | ||||
| Number of events of interest (PPPY), mean (SD) | ||||
| Inpatient hospitalizations | 0.80 (2.12) | 0.95 (2.33) | 0.89 (0.87, 0.91) | < 0.0001 |
| ER visits | 0.18 (0.69) | 0.20 (0.71) | 0.94 (0.90, 0.99) | 0.0265 |
| Hospital outpatient visits | 5.11 (4.69) | 11.09 (10.64) | 0.53 (0.53, 0.54) | < 0.0001 |
| Physician office visits | 4.36 (5.90) | 11.10 (12.11) | 0.45 (0.45, 0.46) | < 0.0001 |
| Length of hospital stay, mean (SD) | ||||
| All patients | 5.53 (14.69) | 7.25 (18.64) | −1.72 (−2.19, −1.26) | < 0.0001 |
| Patients with ≥ 1 hospitalizationc | 9.84 (18.48) | 12.43 (23.05) | −2.58 (−3.35, −1.82) | < 0.0001 |
CI confidence interval, ER emergency room, HRU healthcare resource utilization, NVAF nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, PPPY per person per year, SD standard deviation
aRate ratio was used to compare the number of events PPPY, and difference in means was used to compare length of hospital stay; statistical comparisons are comparing rivaroxaban to warfarin (reference group)
b30-day rehospitalization rate was defined as having another hospitalization within 30 days after the first all-cause hospitalization during the follow-up period; odds ratio was used to compare the proportion of patients with 30-day rehospitalization
cNumber of patients with ≥ 1 hospitalization: intent-to-treat: all-cause (rivaroxaban, 6342; warfarin, 6708), NVAF-related (rivaroxaban, 5621; warfarin, 5836); as-treated: all-cause (rivaroxaban, 4315; warfarin, 4707), NVAF-related (rivaroxaban, 3669; warfarin, 3941)
dNVAF-related was defined as an encounter associated with an AF diagnosis in any position