Table 2.

Studies showcasing ADD in TKR patients

Sl no.	Author/year	Study design	Number of cases of ADD in TKR	Age/sex	Site of skin lesion in relation to incision	Time since surgery to appearance of skin lesion	Mean time taken for complete healing lesion	Diagnostic tests done	Treatment	Knee function
1	Satku et al. [9]	Case series	4 (1 bilateral)	71.33 ± 3.5 years; 2M/1F	Lateral to the incision-TKA	5.5 ± 2.38 (4–9 months)	8–12 months	Skin scraping for gram staining and culture; sweat test	Betamethasone ointment	NR
2	Verma et al. [14]	Case series	55 (only 16 were available for regular follow-up)	NR; 11M/5F	Lateral in 12 and in 4 patients on both sides of incision	3 weeks–4 months	NR	Skin scraping for gram staining and culture; patch test	Topical emollients and topical steroids	NR
3	Sharquie et al. [7]	Case series (6 patients of saphenous vein grafting)	1	60 year F	Lateral to incision	3 months	NR	NR	NR	NR
4	Madke et al. [6]	Case series (4 patients of saphenous vein grafting and 1 OR for fracture femur)	5	60.8 ± 2.48 years; 3M/2F	NR	10 months–2 years	NR	Sweat test (starch–iodine test); patch test; biopsy	Topical moisturizers and topical steroids	NR
5	Barbera et al. [10]	Case report	2 (1 bilateral)	65 year M	Lateral to incision	3 months	6 months	Biopsy	Topical steroids	NR
6	Pathania et al. [13]	Case report	2 (1 bilateral)	60 year F	Lateral to incision	3 months	2 weeks for improvement	Skin scraping for gram staining and culture	NR	NR
7	Mathur et al. [11]	Case report	4 (2 bilateral)	54.5 ± 7.7 years; 1M/1F	NR	Case 1–16 months Case 2–11 months	NR	Biopsy	NR	NR
8	Nazeer et al. [12]	Prospective cohort study	9 TKA out of 203 knees (1 bilateral)	64.5 ± 7.03 years; 1M/7F	Lateral to incision	Mean 4 (3–6) months	6.33 (4–10) weeks	Skin scraping for gram staining and culture; Biopsy	Topical steroids	Stable, mean KSS-90 (84–94)- in all

TKR total knee replacement, KSS Knee Society Score, OR open reduction, NR not reported, ADD autonomic denervation dermatitis