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. 2021 Nov 10;13:17590914211057635. doi: 10.1177/17590914211057635

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© The Author(s) 2021

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 1. — Sympathetic stimulation in covid-19: brain injury by SARS-CoV-2 leads to direct stimulation of sympathetic outflow, SARS-CoV-2-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) cause to hypoxia, which leads to sympathetic stimulation. Downregulation of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 increase angiotensin II (AngII), which activate release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PC), which cause further ALI andARDS.