Table 3.
Studies included in the systematic review listed in alphabetic order.
| References | Case | Age | Initial procedure | Time to compli-cation | Treatment | Fever | Symptoms | Diagnostic tools indicating spondylodiscitis | Possible causes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anand et al. (3) | 1 | 70 | Robotic supracervical hysterectomy with sacrocolpopexy | 90 | Mesh removal + laminectomy and anterior discectomy; AB | No | LBP, radiating leg pain for 3 months | CT/MRI | Recurrent UTI |
| Api et al. (4) | 2 | 53 | Total hysterectomy with sacral colpopexy via LPS | 6 | Mesh removal; AB | Yes | LBP, radiating pain to the upper tights for 6 days | MRI | NS |
| 3 | 65 | Via LPT | 53 | Mesh removal, AB | Yes | LBP, radiating pain to the upper tights for 6 days | MRI | NS | |
| Apostolis et al. (5) | 4 | 66 | LPS supracervical hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy | 10 | Laminectomy and debridment of epidural flegmon; AB | Yes | LBP for one and a half week | MRI | Past history of dental extraction of infected teeth |
| Arsene at al. (6) | 5 | NS | Hysterectomy, LPT sacrocolpopexy | 30 | Mesh removal; AB | Yes | LBP, vaginal discharge | NS | NS |
| Belooseky at al. (7) | 6 | 74 | LPT sacrocolpopexy | 50 | L5 laminectomy | Yes | LBP for 7 weeks | CT/MRI | UTI |
| Boyd et al. (8) | 7 | 71 | Robotic sacrocolpopexy | 42 | LPS mesh removal; AB | Yes | LBP for 6 weeks | CT/MRI | Suture placement 2 cm above the sacral promontory, sacral then the usual level of placement |
| Brito et al. (9) | 8 | 61 | Subtotal LPS hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy | 12 | Mesh removal; AB | Yes | LBP for 12 days | MRI | NS; Breast cancer |
| Cailleux et al. (10) | 9 | 54 | LPT supracervical hysterectomy and sacral colpopexy | 66 | Mesh removal; AB | Yes | LBP for 1.5 months | MRI | Postoperative pelvic abscess |
| 10 | 41 | Hysterectomy and LPT sacralcolpopexy | 91 | Only AB | Yes | LBP for 4 months, vaginal discharge | MRI | NS | |
| 11 | 55 | Hysterectomy and LPT sacralcolpopexy | 66 | Only AB | Yes | LBP for 3 months | MRI | NS | |
| 12 | 56 | Hysterectomy and LPT sacralcolpopexy | 115 | Only AB | Yes | LBP for 4 months, vaginal discharge | MRI | NS | |
| 13 | 59 | Hysterectomy and LPT sacralcolpopexy | 76 | Only AB | Yes | LBP for 6 months | MRI | NS | |
| Collins et al. (11) | 14 | 74 | LPT sacral colpopexy | 2,920 | IVC filter, mesh removal and abscess debridement; AB | No | LBP for 8 years | MRI | UTI |
| Cosson et al. (12) | 15 | 45 | LPS sacropexy | 730 | Mesh removal; AB | No | LBP for 2 years | MRI | UTI |
| Cranney et al. (13) | 16 | 72 | LPT sacral colpopexy | 30 | Mesh removal, discectomy, spinal fusion; AB | Yes | LBP for 4 weeks | MRI | UTI |
| Dalwai et al. (14) | 17 | NS | LPS sacrocolpopexy | 7 | NS | NS | LBP for 1 week | MRI | Inadvertent placement of the sacrocolpopexy screw into the lumbar intervertebral disk space at L5–S1 |
| 18 | NS | LPS sacrocolpopexy | 7 | NS | LBP for 1 week | MRI | Inadvertent placement of the sacrocolpopexy screw into the lumbar intervertebral disk space at L5–S1 | ||
| Descargues et al. (15) | 19 | 54 | LPS hysterectomy, sacrocolpopexy, salpingectomy | 540 | Only AB | Yes | LBP, Radiculopatia L5-S1 | MRI | Mesh erosion |
| Downing et al. (16) | 20 | 52 | LPS uterus-preserving cervicosacropexy | 420 | Abdominal hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, mesh-removal; AB | No | LBP radiating to the hip and leg for 14 months | MRI | Vaginal mesh erosion |
| Draaisma et al. (17) | 21 | 45 | LPS sacral ventral rectopexy | 30 | Mesh removal, deviating colostomy; AB | Yes | LBP radiating to both legs for 1 month | MRI | Not noted. Systemic lupus erithematosus and hydroxychloroquine |
| 22 | 55 | LPS sacral ventral rectopexy | Only AB | Yes | LBP for 2 months | MRI | NS | ||
| Durdag et al. (18) | 23 | NS | LPS hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy | 90 | LPS mesh removal, anterior L5 – S1 discectomy; AB | No | LBP for 3 months | MRI | NS |
| Feng et al. (19) | 24 | 64 | Robotic hysterectomy, sacrocolpopexy, urethral sling | 30 | Mesh removal; AB | LBP | CT/MRI | NS | |
| Grimes et al. (20) | 25 | 63 | Robotic – assisted sacral colpopexy | 120 | Mesh removal and debridement of the infected area. Exposure of the posterior spine with screw placement. Anterior L4-L5 discectomies and corpectomies. Posterior iliac screws and spine fusion; AB | No | LBP, radiating pain to the buttock for 4 months | CT/MRI | Yeast vaginitis |
| Hart et al. (21) | 26 | 42 | Total abdominal hysterectomy, LPT sacral colpopexy | 150 | Transvaginal removal, LPT, sacral debridement, partial vaginectomy; AB | Yes | LBP weakness in the lower extremities for 5 months | MRI | Vaginal mesh erosion |
| Jallad et al. (22) | 27 | NS | LPS sacrocolpopexy and ventral rectopexy | 30 | Excision of the sacral portion of the graft; AB | NS | LBP | NS | NS |
| Jenson et al. (23) | 28 | 67 | LPS sacral colpopexy | 120 | LPS mesh removal; AB | No | LBP for 4 months | MRI | NS |
| Kapoor et al. (24) | 29 | 63 | LPS sacrocolpopexy | 21 | Only ABs | Yes | LBP for 3 weeks | MRI | Wound infection at one of the port sites |
| Kumara et al. (25) | 30 | 32 | LPS sacrohysteropexy | 15 | LPT; AB | Yes | LBP radiating to the buttocks and left lower limb | MRI | Mesh and fasteners infection |
| Miksic et al. (26) | 31 | 81 | LPS sacrocolpopexy | 126 | Only AB | no | LBP, pain radiating into the right leg | MRI | Iatrogenic anaerobic spinal epidural abscess with sacral spondylodiscitis caused by direct extension of bacteria through anchoring material in the sacrum Old, frial, patient |
| Muffy et al. (27) | 32 | 46 | Transvaginal mesh followed by robot assisted sacral colpopexy | 180 | LPT mesh removal, discectomy; AB | No | LBP for 1 year | MRI | Vaginitis Diabetes mellitus |
| Muller et al. (2) | 33 | 60 | LPS proximal rectopexy | 63 | Fistula resection, resection of the anastommosis, fashioning of a new anastomosis and a protective loop ileostomy; AB | No | LBP, pain radiating in both legs | MRI | Fistula from dorsal rectopexy |
| Nosseir et al. (28) | 34 | 55 | Robotic hysterectomy, sacrocolpopexy, transobturathor, suburethral sling | 70 | Only AB | No | LBP for 6 weeks | MRI | NS |
| Nunez-Pereira et al. (29) | 35 | 80 | LPT sacrocolpopexy | 2520 | Abscess debridement, lumbar fusion -L1-L4 decompression -mesh removal, rectosigmoidal resection, protective loop ileostomy; AB | Yes | LBP, radiating leg pain for 7 years, vaginal discharge | MRI | Rectal fistula following mesh penetration |
| Pasquer et al. (30) | 36 | 76 | LPS rectopexy and cistopexy | 30 | Harmann's procedure; AB | Yes | LBP | MRI/CT | NS |
| Probst et al. (31) | 37 | 81 | LPS resection rectopexy | 90 | Only AB | No | LBP and pain radiating to both legs | MRI | Presacral seroma/Pseudomonas sepsis |
| Propst et al. (32) | 38 | 66 | Robotic assisted LPS sacral colpopexy, ventral rectopexy | 60 | Laminectomy; discectomy, mesh removal; AB | No | LBP, radiating bilateral leg pain for 8 weeks | MRI | The location of the mesh was above the S1 vertebra and not within the disc space |
| 39 | 55 | Total abdominal hysterectomy and LPT sacral colpopexy | 1095 | Mesh removal; surgical mesh debridement; AB | No | LBP, limited mobility for 3 years | CT | Mesh erosion at the vaginal apex | |
| Qu et al. (33) | 40 | 46 | LPS sacrohysteropexy | 30 | LPS mesh removal and hysterectomy. 5 months later: debridement and laminectomy; AB | No | LBP, pain between the right iliac crest and the buttock, pain in the right lower limb | MRI | Mesh suture placed higher than it usual level |
| Rajamahesvary et al. (34) | 41 | 42 | Abdominal hysterectomy and LPT sacrocolpopexy; AB | 42 | Mesh removal, AB | No | LBP restricting physical movements and ambulation for 8 weeks | MRI | Mesh erosion |
| Rivoire et al. (35) | 42 | NS | LPS sacrocolpopexy | Not specified | NS | NS | NS | NS | Patient had diabetes |
| Roth et al. (36) | 43 | 76 | LPS sacral colpopexy | 2795 | LPS enterolysis, drainage of the abscess, and expalantation of the remaning mesh; AB | No | LBP, vaginal discharge | NS | Mesh erosion Pelvic abscess over the sacrum Colovaginal fistula |
| Salman et al. (37) | 44 | 59 | LPT Sacrocolpopexy | 120 | Abscess debridement, posterior stabilization; AB | No | LBP radiating to both legs for 4 months | MRI | NS |
| Sergent et al. (38) | 45 | NS | LPS sacrocolpopexy | 120 | Only AB | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Taylor et al. (39) | 46 | 64 | LPS assisted vaginal hysterectomy, sacral colpopexy | 465 | Mesh removal, laminectomy; AB | No | LBP for 14 months | MRI | Vaginal mesh erosion |
| Tymchak et al. (40) | 47 | 61 | Transvaginal hysterectomy with LPT sacrocolpopexy | 60 | Abdominal mesh removal; AB | No | LBP for 1 month, L5 radiculopathy | MRI | NS |
| Ugurlucan et al. (41) | 48 | 52 | Total LPS hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy | 21 | LPS mesh excition; AB | No | LBP for 3 weeks | MRI | NS |
| Voelker et al. (42) | 49 | 58 | LPS sacral colpopexy | 1095 | Removal of the neovagina, debridement, excision of the intervetebral disk with bone graft replacement, dorsal instrumentation of the segments L5-S1; AB | Yes | LBP for 3 years | MRI | NS Malignant melanoma of the vagina |
| Vujovic et al. (43) | 50 | 50 | LPS ventral mesh, rectopexy; AB | 42 | Surgical screw removal; AB | No | LBP for 11 weeks | MRI | NS |
| Weidner et al. (44) | 51 | 67 | LPTsacral colpopexy | 1,825 | Only AB | No | LBP for 5 years | MRI | NS |
| 52 | 56 | Total abdominal hysterectomy, LPT sacral colpopexy | 120 | Only AB | No | LBP for 4 months | MRI | NS |
LPS, Laparoscopy; AB, Antibiotics; MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging; CT, Computed tomography; UTI, Urinary tract Infection; LPT, Laparotomy; LBP, Low Back Pain; NT, Not Specified.