Table 2.

The results of base-case cost-effectiveness analysis, probabilistic sensitivity analysis, scenario sensitivity analyses, and subgroup analyses in Taiwan setting.

In Taiwan setting	Costs (US$)			QALYs			ICERs	Result from PSA
	Empagliflozin	Placebo	Incremental costs	Empagliflozin	Placebo	Incremental QALYs		Iteration of WTP threshold at US$ 25,000	Iteration of WTP threshold at US$ 75,000
Base-case analysis	79,141	71,739	7,402	9.66	9.30	0.36	20,508	63.4%	93.7%
Per LY gained instead of QALY gained	79,141	71,739	7,402	12.89	12.42	0.47	15,693	77.9%	95.8%
Scenario sensitivity analysis
Account for adverse events	79,542	71,987	7,555	9.56	9.23	0.33	22,581	55.4%	91.1%
Time horizon (30 years)	89,576	80,189	9,387	10.93	10.40	0.54	17,492	77.4%	98.6%
Time horizon (16 months)	15,184	14,232	952	1.86	1.85	0.01	91,617	36.8%	47.1%
Discounting rate at 0%	92,829	83,839	8,990	11.33	10.87	0.46	19,469	68.2%	95.8%
Discounting rate at 10%	57,477	52,479	4,997	7.02	6.80	0.21	23,305	53.8%	90.8%
Risk of cardiovascular mortality of empagliflozin equal to placebo	76,671	71,717	4,954	9.34	9.30	0.04	112,186	20%	45.3%
Risk of non-cardiovascular death for empagliflozin equal to placebo	78,822	71,717	7,105	9.62	9.30	0.32	22,039	57.9%	91.2%
Risk of HHF for empagliflozin equal to placebo	79,385	71,717	7,667	9.66	930	0.36	21,412	59.8%	94.2%
Half the monthly costs of empagliflozin (US$17.5)	76,401	71,717	4,684	9.66	9.30	0.36	12,976	83.6%	96.5%
Half the costs of treatment of hospitalization for heart failure	78,133	70,359	7,774	9.66	9.30	0.36	21,532	59%	93.5%
Different drug prices of empagliflozin at different WTP thresholds to meet the cost-effectiveness in Taiwan setting
WTP (US$)	10,000	12,500	15,000	17,500	20,000
Monthly costs (US$)	8.2	14	19.5	25.6	31.5

QALY, quality-adjusted life year; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; PSA, probabilistic sensitivity analyses; WTP, willingness to pay; LY, life years; HHF, hospitalization for heart failure.