Table 3.
Base-case analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis of cost-effectiveness for add-on empagliflozin vs. standard therapy alone among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction in the included Asia-Pacific countries.
| Costs (US$) | QALYs | ICERs | Result from PSA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asia-Pacific countries | Empagliflozin | Placebo | Incremental costs | Empagliflozin | Placebo | Incremental QALYs | Iteration of WTP threshold at one-time GDP per capita* | Iteration of WTP threshold at three-times GDP per capita* | |
| Taiwan setting | 79,141 | 71,739 | 7,402 | 9.66 | 9.30 | 0.36 | 20,508 | 63.4% | 93.7% |
| Japan setting | 45,210 | 37,664 | 7,546 | 8.37 | 8.06 | 0.31 | 24,046 | 77.9% | 95.6% |
| South Korea setting | 15,934 | 13,158 | 2,776 | 8.37 | 8.06 | 0.31 | 8,846 | 93.6% | 96.3% |
| Singapore setting | 148,751 | 130,602 | 188,149 | 9.02 | 8.68 | 0.34 | 53,791 | 58.1% | 94.2% |
| Thailand setting | 21,805 | 15,247 | 6,558 | 8.11 | 7.81 | 0.30 | 21,543 | 0% | 51.9% |
| Australia setting | 56,356 | 49,573 | 6,783 | 8.63 | 8.31 | 0.32 | 20,982 | 89% | 95.9% |
QALY, quality-adjusted life year; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; PSA, probabilistic sensitivity analyses; WTP, willingness to pay; GDP, gross domestic product.
*
GDP per capita (2020): US$25,000 for Taiwan; US$39,000 for Japan; US$30,000 for South Korea; US$58,000 for Singapore; US$7,300 for Thailand; US$52,000 for Australia.