Table 1.
Potential biomarkers that can distinguish between different stages of M.tb infection.
| Reference | Stimulation | Potential biomarkers | Distinguishing between | Assay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chegou et al. (50) | Rv0081 | IL-12(p40), IP-10, IL-10, and TNF-α | LTBI vs active TB | Luminex assay on 7-day diluted WBA supernatants |
| Chegou et al. (51) | Unstimulated | CRP, transthyretin, IFN-γ, CFH, ApoA-1, IP-10, and SAA | Diagnosing active pulmonary TB in adults | Luminex assay on serum samples |
| Wang et al. (52) | ESAT-6/CFP-10 Unstimulated |
IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-1Ra IP-10, VEGF, IL-12 (p70) |
LTBI vs active TB | Luminex assay on 24-hour WBA supernatants |
| Zak et al. (53) | No stimulation | ANKRD22, APOL1, BATF2, ETV7, FCGR1A, FCGR1B, GBP1, GBP2, GBP4, GBP5, SCARF1, SEPT4, SERPING1, STAT1, TAP1, TRAFD1 | Predicting risk of tuberculosis disease progression | RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis technology adapted to qRT-PCR |
| Jacobs et al. (54) | No stimulation | CRP, ferritin, SAP, MCP-1, A2M, fibrinogen, TPA | Diagnosing TB disease | Luminex assay on saliva supernatants |
| Cao et al. (39) | No stimulation | Rv2002, Rv1408, Rv0389, Rv2421c, Rv0248c, Rv2026c, Rv2716, Rv2097c, Rv2031c, Rv2906c, Rv2928 | LTBI vs active TB | Serum profiling on Mtb proteome microarray and ELISA |
| Day et al. (55) | Unstimulated ESAT-6, CFP-10, TB10.4, HCMV pp65, PPD |
PD-1 on antigen specific CD4 T | Bacterial load and treatment response | Whole blood ICS phenotyping assay; BAL sample processing and Proliferation assay and in vitro PD1/PDL1 blockade |
| van Rensburg et al. (56) | No stimulation | FASLG and IL5RA | Monitor treatment response | qRT-PCR on B-cells |
| Chegou et al. (50) | 118 Mtb phase dependant antigens | Rv0867c, Rv2389c, Rv2450c, Rv1009 and Rv1884c | Active TB vs HHC | IFN-g ELISA assay on 7-day diluted WBA |
| Loxton et al. (57) | HBHA | Multifunctional CD4+ T cells coexpressing INF-γ-, IL-2-, and IL-17- | Active TB vs HHC | IFN-g ELISA assay on 7-day diluted WBA |