Table 2.

Outcomes of Italian Questionnaire for BTcP diagnosis, ${\chi }^2$analysis, and Spearman rank correlation analysis

IQ-BTP		Total n (%)	${\chi }^2$c	Spearman rank correlation ($\rho$ value)e
Item	IQ-BTP subset
Sample		753 (100.0)
1—Pain/pain therapy present			Constantd	Constantd
	Yes	753 (100.0)
	No	0 (0.0)
2—Strong opioid therapy			412.017	0.237 Mild
	Yes	655 (87.0)
	No	98 (13.0)
3—BP intensity (NRS ≤  4)			226.519	0.330 Mild
	Yes	583 (77.4)
	No	170 (22.6)
4—Pain from flairs (NRS ≥ 6)			2.689	0.649 Moderate
	Yes	354 (47.0)
	No	399 (53.0)
5—Flairs are not related to therapy schedule?			156.240	0.420 Moderate
	Yes	512 (68.0)
	No	241 (32.0)
Potential-BTPa		205 (27.2)	–	–
6—Flair frequency (24 h)			534.558	0.989 Strong
	< 5 = 1	133 (17.7)
	≥ 5 = 2	72 (9.6)
7—Flair duration			555.355	0.992 Strong
	≤ 30–60 min = 1	162 (21.5)
	> 60 min = 2	43 (5.7)
BTP likelihoodb			939.074	0.987 Strong
	Low (items 6 and 7 = 4)	18 (2.4)
	Intermediate (items 6 and 7 = 3)	79 (10.5)
	High (items 6 and 7 = 2)	108 (14.3)
	Total	205 (27.2)
8—Different sites for flair and BP?			540.462	0.266 Mild
	Yes	66 (8.8)
	No	139 (18.5)
9—Flairs are predictable?			540.215	0.989 Strong
	Yes	53 (7.0)
	No	152 (20.2)
10—Flair cause known?			531.179	0.988 Strong
	Yes	80 (10.6)
	No	125 (16.6)
11—Dysesthesias/paresthesias present?			527.243	0.988 Strong
	Yes	99 (13.1)
	No	106 (14.1)

BP Background pain, BTcp breakthrough pain in cancer, BTP breakthrough pain, χ² Chi-square, IQ-BTP Italian Questionnaire for BTcP, NRS numeric rating scale

^aCases with ‘yes’ answers throughout items 1–5 (yielding potential-BTcP)

^bSum of items 6 and 7 outcomes (= 4, 3, or 2), yielding low, intermediate, and high BTP likelihood, respectively

^c${\chi }^2$-analysis, association of IQ-BTcP items and potential-BTcP; P-value = 0.000, respectively

^dAll cases were ‘Yes’ thus constant

^eSpearman-rank correlation between IQ-BTcP items and the IQ-BTP outcomes; results are expressed as $\rho$ absolute values