Table 1.

Comparison of demographics and delivery and postpartum characteristics in women with and without a positive postpartum depression screen at the time of a postpartum outpatient clinic

Variables	Positive PPD screen*		P value
	Yes (n = 87)	No (n = 123)
Demographics and antepartum characteristics
Age (years)	28.5 ± 3.8	29.0 ± 3.6	0.637
BMI (kg/m2)	26.2 ± 3.9	26.1 ± 2.9	0.846
Smoking (%)	1 (1.2)	2 (1.6)	> 0.999
Primipara (%)	44 (50.6)	53 (43.1)	0.326
Maternal disease
Hypertension (%)	1 (1.2)	3 (2.4)	0.644
Gestational diabetes (%)	19 (21.8)	13 (10.6)	0.034
Anemia (%)	19 (21.8)	20 (16.3)	0.368
Delivery characteristics
Estimated gestational age (weeks)	39.1 ± 1.1	39.1 ± 1.0	0.703
Preterm (%)	3 (3.4)	1 (0.8)	0.309
Mode of delivery
Spontaneous (%)	38 (43.7)	65 (52.8)	0.276
Assisted vaginal (%)	11 (12.6)	9 (7.3)
Cesarean (%)	38 (43.7)	49 (39.8)
Stage of labor (min)
First stage of labor	497.6 ± 332.7	448.0 ± 228.4	0.339
Second stage of labor	45.3 ± 40.0	30.2 ± 27.6	0.016
Total stage of labor	561.8 ± 323.1	489.3 ± 236.8	0.171
Labor analgesia (%)	31 (35.6)	40 (32.5)	0.659
Perineal injury
I degree	23/49	45/74	0.143
II degree	5/49	11/74	0.587
III and IV degree	21/49	18/74	0.047
Birth weight (kg)	3.2 ± 0.4	3.3 ± 0.4	0.063
Hospital days (d) [IQR]	4.0 [4.0, 5.0]	4.0 [4.0, 5.0]	0.758
Postpartum characteristics
PSQ-C-total score (point) [IQR]	81.0 [67.0, 91.0]	52.0 [43.0, 62.0]	< 0.0001
PSQ-C-minor score (point) [IQR]	33.0 [25.0, 39.0]	19.0 [15.0, 25.0]	< 0.0001
EPDS score (point) [IQR]	13.0 [11.0, 15.0]	6.0 [3.0, 9.0]	< 0.0001
Exclusive breastfeeding (%)	69 (79.3)	113 (91.9)	0.012

A total score ≥ 10 was considered significant for PPD

BMI body mass index, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, IQR interquartile range, PPD postpartum depression, PSQ-C Mandarin Chinese version of pain sensitivity questionnaire