Why carry out this study?

The available data on gender-specific response to migraine treatments are scarce because of the low proportion of male study participants.

We performed a large, retrospective, multicenter study to assess the response to onabotulinumtoxinA for chronic migraine in men compared with women.

What was learned from this study?

We found that onabotulinumtoxinA was effective in both men and women; there was a slight gender difference in favor of women that was, however, not substantial, as it lost significance after propensity score matching.

Persistence to onabotulinumtoxinA treatment was lower in men than in women; this finding is in line with previous data on oral migraine treatments and should encourage headache physicians to monitor men’s persistence to treatments.