Table 6.
Theoretical perspectives used in knowledge hiding research.
| Theories | Articles | Theory application in research | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antecedents/Motivations of knowledge hiding | Consequences of knowledge hiding | Direct effect | Mediating effect | Moderating effect | ||
| Social exchange theory | Lin and Huang (2010), Connelly et al. (2012), Cerne et al. (2014), Tsay et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Serenko and Bontis (2016); Bogilović et al. (2017), Fong et al. (2018), Khalid et al. (2018), Abdullah et al. (2019), Abubakar et al. (2019), Babič et al. (2019), Bari et al. (2019), Butt and Ahmad (2019), Jahanzeb et al. (2019), Pradhan et al. (2019), Semerci (2019), Singh (2019), Wang et al. (2019), Abdillah et al. (2020), Anand et al. (2020), He et al. (2020), Khalid et al. (2020), Lin et al. (2020), Ghani et al. (2020a), Arain et al. (2020b), and Nadeem et al. (2021) | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| Norm of reciprocity | Zhao et al. (2016), Singh (2019), and Arain et al. (2020b) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
| Conservation of resources theory | Aljawarneh and Atan (2018), Škerlavaj et al. (2018), Feng and Wang (2019), Riaz et al. (2019), Semerci (2019), Anand et al. (2020), Anser et al. (2020), Jahanzeb et al. (2020a), and Yao et al. (2020a,b) | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| Job demands-resources model | Malik et al. (2019) | √ | √ | √ | ||
| Social learning theory | Abdullah et al. (2019), Arain et al. (2019), Butt and Ahmad (2019), Offergelt et al. (2019), Zhao and Xia (2019), Anand et al. (2020), Lin et al. (2020), Ghani et al. (2020b) | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| Organizational learning theory | Zhang and Min (2019) | √ | √ | |||
| Social cognitive theory | Lin and Huang (2010), Tsay et al. (2014), He et al. (2020), Arain et al. (2020a), Ghani et al. (2020b) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
| Cognitive evaluation theory | Xia et al. (2019) | √ | √ | |||
| Self-perception theory | Jiang et al. (2019) | √ | √ | |||
| Moral disengagement theory | Zhao et al. (2016) | √ | √ | |||
| Psychological ownership theory | Peng (2013), Huo et al. (2016), Aljawarneh and Atan (2018), Abubakar et al. (2019), Singh (2019), and Anand et al. (2020) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
| Territoriality theory | Peng (2013) and Huo et al. (2016) | √ | √ | |||
| Achievement goal theory | Cerne et al. (2014), Cerne et al. (2017), and Moh'd et al. (2021) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
| Goal orientation theory | Zhu et al. (2019) | √ | √ | |||
| Personality traits theory | Wang et al. (2014) | √ | √ | |||
| Trait activation theory | Pan and Zhang (2018) | √ | √ | |||
| Cognitive-affective system theory of personality | Yao et al. (2020a,b) | √ | √ | |||
| Job characteristic theory | Cerne et al. (2017) and Zhang and Min (2019) | √ | √ | |||
| Job design theory | Moh'd et al. (2021) | √ | √ | |||
| Affect-as-information theory | Zhao and Xia (2019) | √ | √ | |||
| Moral emotion theory | Burmeister et al. (2019) | √ | √ | |||
| Displaced aggression theory | Khalid et al. (2018), Jahanzeb et al. (2019), Pradhan et al. (2019), and Ghani et al. (2020a) | √ | √ | √ | ||
| Social identity theory | Wang et al. (2014), Butt and Ahmad (2019), Zhao et al. (2019), and Jahanzeb et al. (2020b) | √ | √ | √ | ||
| Social comparison theory | Lin et al. (2020) and Weng et al. (2020) | √ | √ | √ | ||
| Social categorization theory | Bogilović et al. (2017) and Anand et al. (2020) | √ | √ | |||
| Social influence theory | Anand et al. (2020) | √ | ||||
| Justice theory | Pradhan et al. (2019) and Jahanzeb et al. (2020b) | √ | √ | √ | ||
| Self-determination theory | Gagné et al. (2019) and Wang et al. (2019) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
| Regulatory focus theory | Cerne et al. (2014) and Fang (2017) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
| Theory of planned behavior | Butt and Ahmad (2019) | √ | √ | |||
| Theory of reasoned action | Wu (2020) | √ | √ | √ | ||
| Attribution theory | Khalid et al. (2020) | √ | √ | |||
| Protection motivation theory | Wu (2020) | √ | √ | √ | ||
| Psychological contract theory | Pan et al. (2018) | √ | √ | |||
| Reactance theory | Feng and Wang (2019) | √ | √ | |||
| Absorptive capacity theory | Fong et al. (2018) | √ | √ | |||
| Cooperation-competition theory | Hernaus et al. (2019) | √ | √ | √ | ||
| Status attainment theory | Liu et al. (2020) | √ | √ | √ | ||
| Agency theory | Khoreva and Wechtler (2020) | √ | √ | |||
| Stimulus-organism-response (SOR) paradigm | Zhai et al. (2020) | √ | √ | √ | ||
| Interdependence theory | Connelly et al. (2012) | √ | √ | |||
| Theory of basic values | Semerci (2019) | √ | √ | |||
| Broaden-and-build theory | Connelly and Zweig (2015) and Abdillah et al. (2020) | √ | √ | √ | ||