Table 2.

Summary of studies reporting functional, quality of life, and patient satisfaction outcomes

Study	Function	QoL	Satisfaction
Al-Kaisy 2015 [15]	NR	Mean EQ-5D scores improved by 101% from baseline to 6 months	At 6 months, 46% were “excellent,” 46% were “good,” and 9% were “not satisfied”; in the upper limb subgroup, these proportions were 50%, 38%, and 13%, respectively 91% would recommend the treatment to other patients
Amirdelfan et al. 2020 [16]	Mean PDI scores improved from 42.4 at baseline to 16.9 at 12 months Mean GAF scores improved from 66.4 at baseline to 85.8 at 12 months PGIC at 12 months: 95% were “better, moderately better, or a great deal better,” 5% were “somewhat or a little better,” and 0% were “no change or almost the same” CGIC at 12 months: 98% were “better, moderately better, or a great deal better,” 0% were “somewhat or a little better,” and 3% were “no change or almost the same”	Mean SF-12: PCS scores improved from 30.7 at baseline to 41.3 at 12 months Mean SF-12: MCS scores improved from 45.0 at baseline to 49.5 at 12 months Mean PSQI scores improved from 12.5 at baseline to 8.3 at 12 months Mean PSQ-3 scores improved across all three subscales from 6.3, 6.8, and 6.8 at baseline to 2.2, 1.9, and 2.0 at 12 months	At 12 months, 95% were “satisfied or very satisfied,” 3% were “undecided,” and 3% were “dissatisfied or very dissatisfied”
Burgher 2020 [30]	Median PDI scores improved from 48.5 at baseline to 18 at 12 months Median QuickDASH scores improved from 68.2 at baseline to 31.8 at 12 months Median GAF scores improved from 55 at baseline to 74.5 at 12 months PGIC at 12 months: 75% were “better, moderately better, or a great deal better,” 13% were “somewhat or a little better,” and 13% were “no change or almost the same” CGIC at 12 months: 78% were “better, moderately better, or a great deal better,” 13% were “somewhat or a little better,” and 9% were “no change or almost the same”	Median SF-12: PCS scores improved from 27.3 at baseline to 39.6 at 12 months Median SF-12: MCS scores improved from 43.2 at baseline to 50 at 12 months Median PSQ-3 scores improved from 25.1 at baseline to 5.5 at 12 months	At 12 months, 84% were “satisfied or very satisfied,” 9% were “undecided,” and 6% were “dissatisfied or very dissatisfied”
El Majdoub 2019 [17]	Mean ODI scores improved from 31 at baseline to 19.8 at 12 months Median GAF interval improved from 41–50% at baseline to 61–70% at 12 months	NR	At 12 months, 75% were “very satisfied,” 10% were “satisfied,” and 15% were “undecided”
Floridia 2018 [32]	NR	Quality of life improved to “normal” life based on the Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory	NR
Russo 2016 [36]	Mean ODI scores improved from 41.4 at baseline to 32.8 at 6 months (p < 0.001)	NR	NR
Salmon 2019 [37]	Mean RMDQ scores improved from 12.3 at baseline to 7.8 at 2.3 years (p < 0.05) Mean PSEQ scores improved from 21 at baseline to 34 at 2.3 years PGIC at 2.3 years: 80% were “better, moderately better, or a great deal better,” 21% were “somewhat better or a little better,” and none of the patients were “almost the same or no change”	NR	At 2.3 years, 93% were “satisfied or very satisfied,” and 7% were “not sure” or “unsatisfied”
Sayed 2020 [29]	Functional status at 19.4 months: 72% had improved function, 19% had unimproved function, and 9% provided no details	Sleep status at 19.4 months: 53% had improved sleep, 32% had unimproved sleep, and 15% provided no details	NR
Verrills 2020 [38]	Mean PDI scores improved from 42.6 at baseline to 21.2 at 12 months Mean BDI scores improved by 7.8 points from baseline to 12 months Mean GAF scores improved by 23.8 points from baseline to 12 months PGIC at 12 months: 83% were “better, moderately better, or a great deal better,” 17% were “somewhat better or a little better,” and none of the subjects were “almost the same or no change” CGIC at 12 months: 90% were “better, moderately better, or a great deal better,” 0% were “somewhat better or a little better,” and 10% were “almost the same or no change”	Mean SF-12: PCS scores improved by 10.8 points from baseline to 12 months Mean SF-12: MCS scores improved by 5.8 points from baseline to 12 months Mean PSQI scores improved by 2.6 points from baseline to 12 months	At 12 months, 76% were “satisfied or very satisfied,” 17% were “undecided,” and 7% were “dissatisfied or very dissatisfied”

BDI Beck Depression Index, CGIC clinician global impression of change, EQ-5D EuroQoL-5D, GAF global assessment of functioning, HIT-6 headache impact test, MIDAS Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, NR not reported, ODI Oswestry Disability Index, PDI Pain Disability Index, PGIC patient global impression of change, PSEQ Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire, PSQ-3 3-Point Pain and Sleep Questionnaire, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, QoL quality of life, RMDQ Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, SF-12: MCS Short Form-12 mental component summary, SF-12: PCS Short Form-12 physical component summary