Fig. 2.

Biocompatibility and cell anchoring capacity of different modified TiO2 substrates. (A) Representative images of Live/Dead cell staining (Scale bar = 100 μm). (B) The morphologies of adherent BMSCs after 3 h of culture in FBS-free medium on different surfaces (Blue, DAPI; Green, FITC-conjugated phalloidin) (Scale bar = 100 μm). (C) Quantification of LDH. (D) Quantification of adhered cells. (E) The proliferation of BMSCs. Significant differences were indicated by *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01 compared with bare TiO2 surfaces, and #p < 0.05 or ##p < 0.01 compared with the DBCO-BMP-2/DBCO-RGD (3:1) co-grafted surfaces (n = 3). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)