Table 4.
Z-scores | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
β (95% CI) | P-value | β (95% CI) | P-value | |
GCF (n=4406) | -0.0085 (-0.0115, -0.0055) | <0.001* | -0.0056 (-0.0081, -0.0030) | <0.001* |
MMSE (n=5162) | -0.0043 (-0.0071, -0.0015) | 0.002* | -0.0029 (-0.0055, -0.0002) | 0.035* |
CDT (n=5166) | -0.0017 (-0.0043, 0.0009) | 0.210 | -0.0007 (-0.0032, 0.0019) | 0.615 |
DST-f (n=4601) | -0.0030 (-0.0061, 0.0001) | 0.058 | -0.0015 (-0.0045, 0.0015) | 0.330 |
DST-b (n=4600) | -0.0042 (-0.0072, -0.0013) | 0.005* | -0.0023 (-0.0051, 0.0005) | 0.114 |
VFT-a (n=5316) | -0.0071 (-0.0099, -0.0043) | <0.001* | -0.0051 (-0.0078, -0.0024) | <0.001* |
VFT-p (n=5316) | -0.0087 (-0.0118, -0.0056) | <0.001* | -0.0063 (-0.0091, -0.0035) | <0.001* |
TMT-A (n=5307)§ | 0.0074 (0.0045, 0.0103) | <0.001* | 0.0053 (0.0025, 0.0081) | <0.001* |
TMT-B (n=5296)§ | 0.0072 (0.0043, 0.0100) | <0.001* | 0.0045 (0.0019, 0.0072) | 0.001* |
GCF, Global Cognitive Function; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; CDT, Clock Drawing Test; DST-f, Digit Span Test forward section; DST-b, Digit Span Test backward section; VFT-a, Verbal Fluency Test animal category; VFT-p, Verbal Fluency Test letter “p”; TMT-A, Trail Making Test part A; TMT-B, Trail Making Test part B.
§ Inverse neuropsychological assessment score.
Missing data on HbA1c (n=633).
Model 1: adjusted for sex, age (in years), intervention group, and center size (<250; 250-300, 300-400; ≥400).
Model 2: further adjusted for baseline education level (primary school; secondary school; college), civil status (single, divorced or separated; married; widower), physical activity (MET min/week), smoking habits (smoker; former smoker; never smoker), alcohol intake (g/day, adding the quadratic term), 17-point Mediterranean diet score, BMI (kg/m²), hypertension (yes/no), hypercholesterolemia (yes/no), and depressive symptomatology (yes/no).
Beta coefficients were estimated using linear regression models with robust standard errors to account for intracluster correlations.
*Significant association after Benjamini-Hochberg correction.