Table 5.
Clinical characteristics of patients from the literature review.
| Patient No. | First author, year | Type of study | Sex | Age at Dx (y) | Age at dx of GH excess (y) | Age at dx of PP (y) | CAL | CFFD | Polyostotic FD | Other endocrinopathies | Imaging | Type of lesion on imaging (largest diameter; mm) | Treatment for PP | Ovarian or testicular ultrasound |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rajan, 2019 (32) |
Case report | F | 24 | 24 | NA, menarche at 7 | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Macro (40) | None | NA |
| 2 | Franco, 2019 (33) | Case report | F | 26 | 26 | 9 | + | + | + | MRI | Macro | None | NA | |
| 3 | Wong, 2017 (34) | Cohort study | M | 2 | 8 | NA | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Absence | Aromatase inhibitor and tamoxifen, GnRHa | Heterogeneous changes Echogenic lesions Microlithiasis |
| 4 | Wong, 2017 (34) | Cohort study | M | 3 | NA | 6 | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Micro (4) | None | Echogenic lesions Microlithiasis |
| 5 | Wong, 2017 (34) | Cohort study | F | 36 | 36 | NA | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Adenoma | None | NA |
| 6 | Akintoye, 2006 (35) | Randomized controlled crossover study | F | 13 | NA | NA | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Abnormal enhancement | NA | NA |
| 7 | Vortmeyer, 2012 (36) | Case series | F | 29 | NA | NA | + | + | + | MRI | Micro | NA | NA | |
| 8 | Vortmeyer, 2012 (36) | Case series | M | 19 | NA | NA | + | + | + | MRI | Macro | NA | NA | |
| 9 | Classen, 2012 (37) | Case report | F | 3 | 11 | NA | − | + | NA | MRI | Micro | None | NA | |
| 10 | Nozieres, 2011 (38) | Cohort study | M | 6.5 | 6 | NA | + | + | + | MRI | Hyperplasia | NA | NA | |
| 11 | Madsen, 2010 (39) | Case series | F | 8.2 | 8.2 | 5 | − | + | + | MRI | Micro | None | NA | |
| 12 | Almeida, 2009 (40) | Case report | F | 29 | 29 | NA | + | + | + | MRI | Macro (19) | None | NA | |
| 13 | Imanaka, 2007 (41) | Case report | F | 5 | 21 | 4 | + | + | − | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Macro (15) | NA | NA |
| 14 | Galland, 2006 (42) | Cohort study | F | 27 | 27 | NA | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Macro | NA | NA |
| 15 | Papadopoulou, 2006 (43) | Case report | M | 9 | 9 | 9 | + | + | + | MRI | Micro (9) | testolactone | Microlithiasis | |
| 16 | Zacharin, 2005 (44) | Case report | M | 2.5 | 8.5 | 5 | + | + | + | MRI | Hyperplasia | Testolactone→anastrozole | NA | |
| 17 | Akintoye, 2002 (15) | Cohort study | M | 7 | NA | NA | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Abnormal enhancement | NA | NA |
| 18 | Akintoye, 2002 (15) | Cohort study | M | 30 | NA | NA | + | + | + | MRI | Macro (17) | NA | NA | |
| 19 | Akintoye, 2002 (15) | Cohort study | F | 34 | NA | NA | + | + | + | MRI | Macro (17) | NA | NA | |
| 20 | Akintoye, 2002 (15) | Cohort study | F | 5 | NA | NA | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Absence | NA | NA |
| 21 | Akintoye, 2002 (15) | Cohort study | F | 26 | NA | NA | + | + | + | MRI | Micro (9) | NA | NA | |
| 22 | Akintoye, 2002 (15) | Cohort study | F | 11 | NA | NA | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Absence | NA | NA |
| 23 | Akintoye, 2002 (15) | Cohort study | F | 4 | NA | NA | + | + | + | MRI | Absence | NA | NA | |
| 24 | Akintoye, 2002 (15) | Cohort study | F | 13 | NA | NA | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Adenoma | NA | NA |
| 25 | Zumkeller, 2001 (45) | Case report | M | 8 | 8 | 7 | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Micro (4) | NA | NA |
| 26 | Dotsch, 1996 (46) | Case report | M | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | − | + | + | MRI | Macro (18) | NA | NA | |
| 27 | Feuillan, 1995 (47) | Case report | F | 6 months | 7.3 | 6 months | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Absence | Testolactone | NA |
| 28 | Premawardhana, 1992 (48) | Case report | F | 26 | 26 | 3 | + | + | + | Adrenal insufficiency | CT | Macro | None | NA |
| 29 | Abs, 1990 (49) | Case report | F | 36 | 36 | 8 | − | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | MRI | Macro (15) | None | NA |
| 30 | Laughlin, 1989 (50) | Case report | F | 9 | 13 | 9 | + | + | + | MRI | Macro (36) | NA | NA | |
| 31 | Cuttler, 1989 (51) | Case series | M | 9.5 | NA | NA | + | + | + | NA | NA | None | NA | |
| 32 | Geffner, 1987 (52) | Case report | F | 8 months | 17.8 | 8 months | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism | CT | Macro (21) | none | NA |
| 33 | Mauras, 1986 (53) | Case report | M | 4 | 4 | NA | + | + | + | Hyperthyroidism, CS | CT | NA | NA | NA |
| 34 | Kovacs, 1984 (54) | Case report | F | 4 | 6 | 4 | + | + | + | CT | NA | Medroxyprogesterone acetate | NA | |
| 35 | Albin, 1981 (55) | Case series | F | 19 | 19 | NA | + | + | + | XR | NA | None | NA | |
| 36 | Albin, 1981 (55) | Case series | M | 23 | 23 | NA | + | + | + | XR | Absence | None | NA | |
| 37 | Lightner, 1975 (56) | Case report | M | 4 | 4 | 4 | + | + | + | XR | Macro (15) | NA | NA | |
| 38 | Scurry, 1964 (57) | Case report | F | 22 | 38 | 5 | + | + | + | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| 39 | Carr, 1979 (58) | Case report | F | 30 | 30 | 19 months | + | + | + | XR | None | NA |
Dx, diagnosis; FD, fibrous dysplasia; CFFD, craniofacial fibrous dysplasia; PP, precocious puberty; GH, growth hormone; CAL, Café au lait; CS, Cushing’s syndrome. The number in brackets of type of lesion is the largest diameter of the pituitary tumor. NA, not available.