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. 2021 Oct 29;9:777007. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.777007

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Copyright © 2021 Zhu, Ni, Cai, Dai and Zhou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overview of research on RNA epigenetic modifications of hepatocellular carcinoma. During the carcinogenesis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma, a variety of factors, such as smoking, alcohol, environmental pollution, viral infection, poor eating habits, drug abuse and narcotics may cause abnormal changes in epigenetic modifications in several kinds of RNAs based on genetic susceptibility, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), and pseudouridine (ψ). These RNA epigenetic modifications will affect the metabolic and functional processes of RNA, such as RNA structure, splicing, stability, maturation, transport, translation, and degradation, by modifying the base or pyrimidine at a specific site of coding RNA and non-coding RNAs. These abnormalities in RNAs will affect the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through specific signal transduction or interactions. CircRNA, Circular RNA; HBV, Hepatitis B virus; HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, Hepatitis C virus; lncRNA, Long non-coding RNA; m1A, N1-methyladenosine; m5C, 5-methylcytosine; m6A, N6-methyladenosine; m7G, N7-methylguanosine; mRNA, Messenger RNA; miRNA, microRNA; pgRNA, pregenomic-RNA; rRNA, Ribosomal RNA; snRNA, Small nuclear RNA; tRNA, Transfer RNA.