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. 2021 Oct 29;12:752940. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752940

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Copyright © 2021 Cooper, Gloschat, Swift, Prudencio, McCullough, Jaimes and Posnack.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Calcium Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). (A) Representative rat heart loaded with calcium dye, Rhod-2, AM. Calcium transients were analyzed from the same region of interest (ROI) on the epicardial surface (n = 6 calcium transients, same heart with diminished light intensity). (B) No measurable change in activation time was noted when the excitation light intensity and SNR was reduced (n = 6 calcium transients, same heart). (C) Calculated CaD₈₀ values also remain unchanged (n = 6 calcium transients, same heart). (D) Relationship between SNR and calcium transient measurements (n = 4 optical signals collected from n = 4 independent heart studies). Epicardial dynamic pacing (160 ms PCL) from the apex of the left ventricle.