Table 2.
Factors influencing disparities in healthcare utilization for childhood cancer survivors by race/ethnicity.
| Source | Risk modulators | Results of unadjusted models | Results of adjusted models | Interpretation of findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NON-HISPANIC BLACK | ||||
| (26) | SES (insurance, education, household income), age, diagnosis | OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5–0.9 | OR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–1.0 (males) | Lower general medical contact attenuated by risk modulators. |
| (26) | SES (insurance, education, household income), age, diagnosis | OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3–0.7 (females) | Lower general medical contact accounting for risk modulators. | |
| (28) | Gender, age, treatment factors (year and age of diagnosis, diagnosis, therapy subsequent event), and logistic factors (insurance, distance from clinic) | HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64–0.94 | HR= 0.64, 95% CI: 0.52–0.79 | Less likely to have initial survivorship visit. |
| HISPANIC | ||||
| (26) | SES (insurance, education, household income), age, diagnosis | OR = O.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.8 | Lower general medical contact accounting for risk modulators. | |
| (26) | SES (insurance, education, household income), age, diagnosis | OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.3 (males) OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2.0 (females) |
More likely to visit cancer center accounting for risk modulators. | |
| (35) | Age, sex, social support, family influence, post traumatic growth, depressive symptoms, treatment, self-efficacy | OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.25–1.21, p = 0.17 | OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.11−0.96, p = 0.03 | Less likely to report previous use of follow-up care after accounting for risk modulators. |
| (36) | Age, sex, social support, family influence, post traumatic growth, depressive symptoms, treatment, self-efficacy | β = −0.38 (0.19), p < 0.1 | β = −0.42 (0.20), p < 0.05 | Lower health-care self-efficacy after accounting for risk modulators. |
| (37) | Age, sex, health insurance | OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.17–3.79, p < 0.05 | OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.19–5.30, p < 0.05 | Less likely to get information from hospital. |
| (37) | Age, sex, health insurance | OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.24–0.98, p < 0.05 | OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.23–1.09, p < 0.1 | Less likely to get information from family attenuated by risk modulators. |
Bold denotes statistical significance with p < 0.05; Reference group Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian; * Reference group listed as Non-Hispanic. SES, Socioeconomic Status; HR, Hazards Ratio; OR, Odd Ratio.