FIGURE 5.

Chemokine C‐C motif ligand 21 (CCL21) combined with programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) blockade enhanced therapeutic efficacy for pancreatic cancer. A‐C, (A) Tumor images, (B) volumes, and (C) weights (means ± SD) of control Panc02 or CCL21‐overexpressing (OE) Panc02 tumor subcutaneously inoculated in C57BL/6 mice treated with IgG control Ab or anti‐PD‐L1 Ab as indicated. D, Immunohistochemistry analysis of CD4, CD8, and granzyme B, and immunofluorescent image of TUNEL staining in tumors from mice that received the treatments described above. Representative images are shown. Scale bars, 100 μm. E, Quantification of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results above. Each group contained six mice. Statistical significance was calculated by unpaired two‐tailed Student’s t tests. **P < .01, ***P < .001