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. 2021 Oct 29;15:770387. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.770387

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm where glucose is converted to pyruvate. Under normal circumstances pyruvate enters the mitochondrion and generates ATP via OXPHOS. Damaged mitochondria may be incapable of sustaining OXPHOS, forcing the cell to rely on lactate (generated via LDH). Excess lactate blocks the antiviral MAVS entry into the mitochondrion through the TOM70 pore. SARS-CoV-2 virus targets TOM70 (via ORF-9b), emphasizing the importance of this channel for both antiviral defenses and cellular metabolism.