Table 2.
Perioperative details by treatment group and wound classification stratum in randomised patients who had abdominal surgery
|
Clean-contaminated stratum (n=3051) |
Contaminated or dirty stratum (n=2662) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine (n=1521) | Povidone–iodine (n=1530) | Coated suture (n=1535) | Non-coated suture (n=1516) | Chlorhexidine (n=1337) | Povidone–iodine (n=1325) | Coated suture (n=1328) | Non-coated suture (n=1334) | |
| Indication for surgery | ||||||||
| Malignant disease | 31 (8·7%) | 126 (8·3%) | 130 (8·6%) | 127 (8·4%) | 94 (7·2%) | 91 (7·0%) | 89 (6·8%) | 96 (7·4%) |
| Benign disease | 549 (36·5%) | 548 (36·1%) | 552 (36·5%) | 545 (36·1%) | 1117 (85·0%) | 1107 (85·2%) | 1118 (85·5%) | 1106 (84·7%) |
| Trauma | 12 (0·8%) | 9 (0·6%) | 10 (0·7%) | 11 (0·7%) | 71 (5·4%) | 80 (6·2%) | 78 (6·0%) | 73 (5·6%) |
| Obstetric | 812 (54·0%) | 834 (55·0%) | 820 (54·2%) | 826 (54·7%) | 32 (2·4%) | 22 (1·7%) | 23 (1·8%) | 31 (2·4%) |
| Missing | 17 | 13 | 23 | 7 | 23 | 25 | 20 | 28 |
| ASA grade | ||||||||
| Grade I | 700 (46·5%) | 697 (45·9%) | 687 (45·4%) | 710 (47·0%) | 575 (43·8%) | 565 (43·4%) | 573 (43·8%) | 567 (43·4%) |
| Grade II | 671 (44·6%) | 673 (44·4%) | 683 (45·2%) | 661 (43·8%) | 397 (30·2%) | 377 (29·0%) | 387 (29·6%) | 387 (29·6%) |
| Grade III | 116 (7·7%) | 121 (8·0%) | 118 (7·8%) | 119 (7·9%) | 263 (20·0%) | 287 (22·0%) | 273 (20·9%) | 277 (21·2%) |
| Grade IV | 14 (0·9%) | 25 (1·6%) | 21 (1·4%) | 18 (1·2%) | 70 (5·3%) | 64 (4·9%) | 64 (4·9%) | 70 (5·4%) |
| Grade V | 4 (0·3%) | 1 (0·1%) | 3 (0·2%) | 2 (0·1) | 9 (0·7%) | 9 (0·7%) | 12 (0·9%) | 6 (0·5%) |
| Missing | 16 | 13 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 23 | 19 | 27 |
| WHO surgical safety checklist | ||||||||
| No | 199 (13·2%) | 201 (13·2%) | 198 (13·1%) | 202 (13·4%) | 147 (11·2%) | 132 (10·1%) | 133 (10·2%) | 146 (11·2%) |
| Yes | 1306 (86·8%) | 1316 (86·8%) | 1314 (86·9%) | 1308 (86·6%) | 1168 (88·8%) | 1169 (89·9%) | 1175 (89·8%) | 1162 (88·8%) |
| Missing | 16 | 13 | 23 | 6 | 22 | 24 | 20 | 26 |
| Intraoperative pulse oximetry | ||||||||
| No | 39 (2·6%) | 51 (3·4%) | 48 (3·2%) | 42 (2·8%) | 18 (1·4%) | 18 (1·4%) | 16 (1·2%) | 20 (1·5%) |
| Yes | 1466 (97·4%) | 1466 (96·6%) | 1464 (96·8%) | 1468 (97·2%) | 1297 (98·6%) | 1284 (98·6%) | 1293 (98·8%) | 1288 (98·5%) |
| Missing | 16 | 13 | 23 | 6 | 22 | 23 | 19 | 26 |
| Prophylactic antibiotics* | ||||||||
| No | 151 (10·0%) | 138 (9·1%) | 136 (9·0%) | 153 (10·1%) | 56 (4·3%) | 63 (4·8%) | 66 (5·0%) | 53 (4·1%) |
| Yes | 1354 (90·0%) | 1379 (90·9%) | 1376 (91·0%) | 1357 (89·9%) | 1258 (95·7%) | 1238 (95·2%) | 1242 (95·0%) | 1254 (95·9%) |
| Missing | 16 | 13 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 24 | 20 | 27 |
| Intraoperative temperature monitoring | ||||||||
| No | 1079 (71·7%) | 1076 (71·0%) | 1070 (70·8%) | 1085 (71·9%) | 919 (69·9%) | 912 (70·3%) | 918 (70·2%) | 913 (70·0%) |
| Yes | 426 (28·3%) | 440 (29·0%) | 442 (29·2%) | 424 (28·1%) | 395 (30·1%) | 386 (29·7%) | 389 (29·8%) | 392 (30·0%) |
| Missing | 16 | 14 | 23 | 7 | 23 | 27 | 21 | 29 |
| Hair removal at site of wound | ||||||||
| No hair at site wound | 486 (32·3%) | 479 (31·6%) | 482 (31·9%) | 483 (32·0%) | 696 (53·0%) | 653 (50·4%) | 663 (50·8%) | 686 (52·5%) |
| In theatre, electric | 40 (2·7%) | 38 (2·5%) | 40 (2·6%) | 38 (2·5%) | 30 (2·3%) | 34 (2·6%) | 36 (2·8%) | 28 (2·1%) |
| In theatre, razor or blade | 93 (6·2%) | 84 (5·5%) | 93 (6·2%) | 84 (5·6%) | 225 (17·1%) | 241 (18·6%) | 255 (19·6%) | 211 (16·2%) |
| Before theatre arrival | 764 (50·8%) | 799 (52·7%) | 775 (51·3%) | 788 (52·2%) | 226 (17·2%) | 212 (16·4%) | 213 (16·3%) | 225 (17·2%) |
| Not done | 122 (8·1%) | 117 (7·7%) | 122 (8·1%) | 117 (7·7%) | 137 (10·4%) | 156 (12·0%) | 137 (10·5%) | 156 (11·9%) |
| Missing | 16 | 13 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 29 | 24 | 28 |
| Intraoperative blood sugar monitoring | ||||||||
| No | 1360 (90·4%) | 1376 (90·8%) | 1367 (90·5%) | 1369 (90·7%) | 1185 (90·2%) | 1166 (89·8%) | 1167 (89·4%) | 1184 (90·7%) |
| Yes | 145 (9·6%) | 140 (9·2%) | 144 (9·5%) | 141 (9·3%) | 129 (9·8%) | 132 (10·2%) | 139 (10·6%) | 122 (9·3%) |
| Missing | 16 | 14 | 24 | 6 | 23 | 27 | 22 | 28 |
Data are number (%) or number. Percentages presented ignore any missing data. ASA grade=American Society of Anesthesiologists grade.
*
Prophylactic antibiotics given up to 60 min before to incision.