Fig. 4.

Model diagnostics in multivariable MR based on BMA. The predicted associations with IPF based on the model including hypothyroidism (x-axis) are plotted against the observed associations with IPF (y-axis). This is the top model when keeping outliers and influential genetic variants in the analysis. (a) Cook's distance for the influential points; (b) the q-statistic for outliers. Any genetic variant with q value larger than threshold (q-statistic = 13.246) or Cook's distance larger than the median of the relevant F-distribution (Cd = 0.457) is marked by a label indicating the gene region. IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.