Figure 4.

Divergence times estimates comparisons between crown or stem placement of the fossil †Proterogomphus renateae (indicated with brown line)

Six different nodes of interest are indicated with different colors (cyan = Odonata, red = Anisoptera, orange = Zygoptera, green = Gomphidae +Petaluridae, pink = Gomphidae and yellow = Cavilabiata). These nodes are joined across the two scenarios with a dashed line to indicate the difference in the recovered divergence time estimates. We recover older ages under the †Proterogomphusrenateae crown placement scenario compared to the †Proterogomphus renateae stem placement scenario. Hollowed circles on a node indicate a slower substitution rate on the branch leading to this node compared to the same node in the other scenario. Substitution rates leading to the nodes Odonata, Anisoptera, Zygopter, and Gomphidae were slower in the stem placement scenario compared to the crown placement scenario. For these branches the substitution rates were faster in the crown scenario compared to the Stem scenario. By contrast, for branches leading to Zygoptera and Gomphidae + Petaluridae (Petaluroidea), rates in the stem scenario were faster compared to the crown scenario; this difference, however, was minor.