Table 2.
Results of first order confirmatory factor analysis.
| Factors and items | Standardized loading | T- value | M | S. D | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Planned resilience (Lee et al., 2013; Prayag et al., 2018)(a = .978) | CR = .940; AVE = .796; MSV = .336 | ||||
| Given how others depend on us, the way we plan for the unexpected is appropriate. | .91 | F | 4.23 | .812 | |
| Our organization is committed to practicing and testing its emergency plans to ensure they are effective | .92 | 47.972 | 4.22 | .792 | |
| We have a focus on being able to respond to the unexpected | .98 | 49.626 | 4.24 | .765 | |
| We have clearly defined priorities for what is important during andafter a crisis | 95 | 79.289 | 4.25 | .762 | |
| We proactively monitor our industry to have an early warning of emerging issues | 97 | 62.773 | 4.24 | .768 | |
| Adaptive resilience(Lee et al., 2013; Prayag et al., 2018) (a = .979) | CR = .980; AVE = .906; MSV = .510 | ||||
| Our organization maintains enough resources to absorb some unexpected change | .95 | F | 4.00 | .888 | |
| If key people were unavailable, there are always others who could fill their role | .96 | 49.665 | 4.02 | .882 | |
| There would be good leadership from within our organization if we were struck by a crisis | .94 | 52.646 | 3.99 | .914 | |
| We are known for our ability to use knowledge in novel ways | .97 | 46.420 | 4.03 | .868 | |
| We can make tough decisions quickly | .93 | 54.144 | 4.00 | .917 | |
| Enterprise Performance (Kachali et al., 2012) (a = .935) | CR = .940; AVE = .796; MSV = .336 | ||||
| Overall performance of the organization after COVID 19 | .89 | F | 3.73 | .915 | |
| Level of debt since COVID 19 | .88 | 44.111 | 2.92 | .895 | |
| Organization's cash flow since COVID 19 | 92 | 29.545 | 3.91 | .926 | |
| Organization’s level of profitability since COVID 19 | .96 | 40.439 | 3.68 | 1.044 | |
| Sustainable tourism development (Nicholas et al., 2009) (a = .985) | CR = .985; AVE = .915; MSV = .510 | ||||
| We support the development of community-based sustainable tourism initiatives | .97 | F | 3.95 | .988 | |
| We participate in sustainable tourism-related plans and development | 91 | 78.588 | 3.93 | 1.000 | |
| We adopt the Regulatory environmental standards to reduce the negative impacts of tourism | .95 | 66.620 | 3.91 | 1.021 | |
| We participate in cultural exchanges between local residents and visitors | .96 | 64.009 | 3.93 | 1.000 | |
| We cooperate with tourism planning and development initiatives | .97 | 49.422 | 3.87 | 1.074 | |
| We participate in the promotion of environmental education and conservation | .98 | 74.592 | 3.92 | 1.002 |
Model fit: (χ2 (164, N = 630) = 600.568, p <0.001, normed χ2 =3.662, RMSEA = 0.042,SRMR = .054, CFI = 0.970, TLI = 0.957, NFI = 0.952, PCFI = 0.813 and PNFI = 0.805).
Note: CR = composite reliability; AVE = average variance extracted; MSV = Maximum shared value;FFixed to set the scales.