Figure 5.
Performance of pheromone source localization in BmPBP1-knockout male moths to bombykol
(A) Success rate of pheromone source localization of BmPBP1-knockout (blue, KO) and wild-type (red, WT) male moths at 2 Hz (WT; n = 13 at 1 ng; n = 12 at 10 ng; n = 18 at 100 ng, KO; n = 20 at 100 ng; n = 26 at 1,000 ng; n = 23 at 10,000 ng). The success rate was calculated as the number of moths that successfully localized the pheromone source divided by the total number of moths tested. The different letters indicate significant differences according to Fisher’s exact probability test.
(B) Pheromone source localization time of BmPBP1-knockout (blue) and wild-type (red) male moths at 2 Hz (KO; n = 10 at 100 ng; n = 20 at 1,000 ng; n = 17 at 10,000 ng, WT; n = 11 at 1 ng; n = 10 at 10 ng; n = 15 at 100 ng). Error bars represent ±SEM. The different letters indicate significant differences according to the Steel-Dwass test. Black open circles indicate the distribution of individual data.
(C) Representative trajectory of BmPBP1-knockout (blue) and wild-type male (red) moths to tested bombykol dosage (WT: 1, 10, 100 ng, KO: 100, 1,000, 10,000 ng) during pheromone source localization. Bombykol pulse stimuli were applied for 200 ms at 2 Hz. Solid lines indicate the trajectory of the pheromone source searching behavior. Broken lines indicate the estimated boundaries of the pheromone plume.
(D) Surge distance of BmPBP1-knockout (blue) and wild-type (red) male moth to bombykol pulse trains at 2 Hz (WT; n = 11 at 1 ng; n = 10 at 10 ng; n = 15 at 100 ng, KO; n = 10 at 100 ng; n = 20 at 1,000 ng; n = 17 at 10,000 ng). Error bars represent ±SEM. The different letters indicate significant differences according to the Steel-Dwass test. Black open circles indicate the distribution of individual data.
(E) All turn angles of BmPBP1-knockout (blue) and wild-type (red) male moths to bombykol pulse trains at 2 Hz (WT; n = 11 at 1 ng; n = 10 at 10 ng; n = 15 at 100 ng, KO; n = 10 at 100 ng; n = 20 at 1,000 ng; n = 17 at 10,000 ng). All turn angles were defined as the total cumulative turn angle during pheromone localization. Error bars represent ±SEM. The different letters indicate significant differences according to the Steel-Dwass test. Black open circles indicate the distribution of individual data.
(F–I) Performance of pheromone source localization to a female moth. Success rate (WT; n = 10, KO; n = 8), localization time (WT; n = 7, KO; n = 5), surge distance (WT; n = 7, KO; n = 5), and all turn angles (WT; n = 7, KO; n = 5) during orientation to a female moth. Error bars represent ±SEM. The asterisks indicate significant differences between the groups (∗∗p < 0.01, Student’s t test for paired samples). Significance of success rate is calculated according to Fisher’s exact probability test. NS indicates no significant difference.