In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of MPB-BA. (a) Intracellular ROS scavenging capacity of MPB (100 p.p.m.), BA (25 p.p.m.), and MPB-BA (100 p.p.m.) using DCFH-DA test. (b–e) displayed the mRNA levels of four antioxidant enzyme genes, SOD-1, CAT, NQO-1, and HO-1 determined by qRT-PCR. (f–k) revealed the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS (f–h) and anti-inflammatory genes TGF-β, IL-10, Arg-1 (i–k), n = 3. Error bars indicated means ± standard deviations. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett's multiple comparisons test.