Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Respondents.
| Characteristic | Respondents, No. (%)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 3-mo Follow-up (n = 994) | 6-mo Follow-up (n = 628) | Total eligible (N = 3691) | |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 53 (33-66) | 51 (31-64) | 49 (31-64) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 654 (65.8) | 409 (65.1) | 2487 (67.4) |
| Female | 340 (34.2) | 219 (34.9) | 1204 (32.6) |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| Asian | 12 (1.2) | 7 (1.1) | 56 (1.6) |
| Black | 12 (1.2) | 5 (0.8) | 57 (1.6) |
| White | 946 (97.5) | 605 (98.1) | 3419 (96.8) |
| Missing or unknown | 24 (2.4) | 11 (1.8) | 159 (4.3) |
| Educational level | |||
| Primary | 90 (10.8) | 65 (13.1) | 459 (14.8) |
| Secondary | 275 (32.9) | 183(36.9) | 1108 (35.7) |
| Training | 202 (24.2) | 103 (20.8) | 646 (20.8) |
| College | 268 (32.1) | 145 (29.2) | 888 (28.6) |
| Missing | 159 (16.0) | 132 (21.0) | 590 (16.0) |
| Employment status before injury | |||
| Working full or part time | 476 (52.0) | 310 (55.3) | 1804 (53.7) |
| Not working | 71 (7.8) | 52 (9.3) | 317 (9.4) |
| Retired | 257 (28.1) | 134 (23.9) | 828 (24.7) |
| Student or homemaker | 112 (12.2) | 65 (11.6) | 409 (12.2) |
| Missing | 78 (7.8) | 67 (10.7) | 333 (9.0) |
| Marital status | |||
| Partnered | 524 (55.8) | 303 (52.6) | 1751 (51.5) |
| Previously partnered | 132 (14.1) | 77 (13.4) | 520 (15.3) |
| Single or other | 283 (30.1) | 196 (34.0) | 1126 (33.1) |
| Unknown | 55 (5.5) | 52 (8.3) | 294 (8.0) |
| ASA preinjury physical health | |||
| Healthy patient | 592 (60.3) | 367 (59.8) | 2126 (58.9) |
| Mild systemic disease | 312 (31.8) | 196 (31.9) | 1156 (32.0) |
| Severe systemic disease | 77 (7.8) | 51 (8.3) | 325 (9.0) |
| Missing | 13 (1.3) | 14 (2.2) | 84 (2.3) |
| Cause of injury | |||
| Road traffic accident | 407 (41.6) | 256 (42.0) | 1411 (39.2) |
| Fall | 423 (43.3) | 251 (41.2) | 1617 (45.0) |
| Violence or assault | 67 (6.9) | 43 (7.1) | 208 (5.8) |
| Other | 81 (8.3) | 59 (9.7) | 361 (10.0) |
| Missing or unknown | 16 (1.6) | 19 (3.0) | 94 (2.5) |
| Clinical care pathway | |||
| Emergency department | 179 (18.0) | 129 (20.5) | 774 (21.0) |
| Admitted to hospital | 376 (37.8) | 181 (28.8) | 1324 (35.9) |
| Intensive care unit | 439 (44.2) | 318 (50.6) | 1593 (43.2) |
| GCS score at baseline | |||
| 13-15 | 683 (72.0) | 392 (66.3) | 2624 (73.5) |
| 9-12 | 93 (9.8) | 65 (11.0) | 285 (8.0) |
| 3-8 | 172 (18.1) | 134 (22.7) | 659 (18.5) |
| Missing | 46 (4.6) | 37 (5.9) | 123 (3.3) |
| CT imaging abnormal finding | |||
| Present | 525 (57.1) | 338 (58.9) | 1911 (56.7) |
| Absent | 394 (42.9) | 236 (41.1) | 1462 (43.3) |
| Missing | 75 (7.5) | 54 (8.6) | 318 (8.6) |
| Pupillary reactivity | |||
| Both reactive | 874 (94.8) | 538 (92.9) | 3238 (93.1) |
| 1 Pupil unreactive | 25 (2.7) | 20 (3.5) | 118 (3.4) |
| 2 Pupils unreactive | 23 (2.5) | 21 (3.6) | 121 (3.5) |
| Missing | 72 (7.2) | 49 (7.8) | 214 (5.8) |
| Total ISS, median (IQR) | 16 (9-26) | 16 (8-29) | 16 (9-26) |
| Head and neck AIS scoreb | |||
| No injury or minor injury | 167 (16.8) | 112 (17.8) | 655 (17.7) |
| Moderate injury | 133 (13.4) | 86 (13.7) | 521 (14.1) |
| Serious injury | 321 (32.3) | 146 (23.2) | 1128 (30.6) |
| Severe injury | 165 (16.6) | 119 (18.9) | 637 (17.3) |
| Critical injury | 206 (20.9) | 165 (26.3) | 750 (20.3) |
| Major extracranial injuryc | |||
| No injury or mild injury | 643 (64.7) | 424 (67.5) | 2435 (66.0) |
| Severe injury | 351 (35.3) | 204 (32.5) | 1256 (34.0) |
Abbreviations: AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CT, computed tomography; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score.
a
Percentages for observed values exclude missing data from the calculations.
b
Combined AIS score for head, neck, and cervical regions.
c
Any non–head and neck AIS score of 3 or higher (serious injury).